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A research team led by Baylor College of Medicine recently reported a new mechanism through which the transcription factor KLF4 can help form chromatin, thereby affecting gene expression
Chromatin is a complex and dense structure composed of DNA and protein
Using cells cultured in the laboratory to carry out experiments, the researchers unexpectedly discovered that KLF4 forms droplets in the nucleus, which can recruit other transcription factors
"Imagine a mixture of oil and water, how they form two separate layers, or two liquid phases," said Josephine C.
Other transcription factors participate in the aggregation of biomolecules through unstructured protein regions, but researchers have shown that even if unstructured regions are not present, KLF4 droplets will form in cells
Single-molecule fluorescence experiments show that three KLF4 zinc fingers can "build a bridge" between two DNA molecules
Co-corresponding author Dr.
"Hundreds of human transcription factors contain tandem zinc fingers similar to KLF4, so these rapidly evolving proteins may participate in chromatin formation through similar'bridging' interactions
The researchers stated: "We have shown that the reprogramming factor KLF4 undergoes biomolecular aggregation even in the absence of its unstructured region
"We believe that KLF4-mediated aggregation is a mechanism for selective organization and reorganization of the genome based on local sequence and epigenetic state
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Sharma, R.
