-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
-
Cosmetic Ingredient
- Water Treatment Chemical
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
Click on the blue word to pay attention to our striatum (including the olfactory tubercle) as a key component of the cortex-basal ganglia circuit, which regulates movement, participates in goal motivation and reward motivation behavior, and is mainly composed of GABAergic medium spiny neurons.
The difference in the expression of dopamine receptors can be divided into D1 type neurons and D2 type neurons
.
The islands of Calleja (IC) is composed of a group of dense granular cells in the ventral striatum that form an island-like structure that expresses D3 dopamine receptors.
The olfactory nodules are mainly located in rats and mice
.
Grooming is a maintenance behavior that plays a key role in maintaining cleanliness, regulating body temperature, and reducing stress
.
Excessive grooming is a manifestation of compulsive repetitive behavior
.
Brainstem, amygdala, hypothalamus and striatum are involved in regulating self-grooming behavior
.
On November 18, 2021, the Minghong Ma research team at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania discovered that the IC in the subregion of the striatum has a new function of regulating self-grooming
.
The characteristics of neurons in the IC area.
Researchers have discovered through electrophysiological techniques that the cell bodies of D3 neurons in the IC area are small (6-8 microns in diameter), the cell membrane has high input resistance, and there is no spontaneous action potential
.
Light-activated neurons of this type caused mice to self-groom their hair
.
What's more interesting is that even if the mouse is performing social behavior with other mice, after activating the neuron, the mouse immediately stops the social behavior and starts grooming behavior, making the companions bewildered
.
In addition, whether the hungry mice are eating or in the passive behavior of scratching caused by itching, activating the D3 neurons in the IC area will cause the mice to immediately stop the current movement and immediately perform the grooming behavior, which shows that even if they are For other motivational or target behaviors, activating D3 neurons in the IC brain area can cause strong grooming behavior
.
When the mouse is performing spontaneous grooming behavior or performing grooming behavior after showering, the grooming behavior will be stopped immediately after the light inhibits D3 neurons in the IC area
.
After the Cre-dependent diphtheria toxin A subunit (DTA) virus strategy induces the apoptosis of D3 neurons in the IC brain area, it can also prevent the hair grooming behavior of mice
.
Fiber optic calcium imaging technology found that the activity of D3 neurons in the IC area increased during the grooming behavior, and no increase in neuronal activity was observed in the area far away from the IC brain area (greater than 200 microns).
These results further confirm the IC Regional neurons play a key role in regulating hair grooming behavior
.
The antegrade tracer virus reveals the output of the IC brain area.
In order to further clarify the upstream and downstream input and output of the D3 type neurons in the IC area, the researchers injected retrograde tracer virus into the IC brain area and found that it not only accepts NAc, pear Input from the cortex, VTA brain area, and also receives synaptic input from the ventral globus pallidus, the lateral hypothalamus and the amygdala, which have the function of regulating hair grooming behavior; injection of the antegrade tracer virus into this brain area found that the Neurons in the brain area do not project to other brain areas, and form a single synaptic connection with adjacent medium-sized spiny neurons to form a local microcircuit
.
In summary, this article reveals a new function of neurons in the IC region of the striatum—regulating self-grooming behavior
.
Abnormal self-grooming behavior exists in autism, obsessive-compulsive disorder and other psychiatric diseases, and the IC area may become a potential research target area
.
[References] https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41593-021-00952-z The pictures in the text are from the references
The difference in the expression of dopamine receptors can be divided into D1 type neurons and D2 type neurons
.
The islands of Calleja (IC) is composed of a group of dense granular cells in the ventral striatum that form an island-like structure that expresses D3 dopamine receptors.
The olfactory nodules are mainly located in rats and mice
.
Grooming is a maintenance behavior that plays a key role in maintaining cleanliness, regulating body temperature, and reducing stress
.
Excessive grooming is a manifestation of compulsive repetitive behavior
.
Brainstem, amygdala, hypothalamus and striatum are involved in regulating self-grooming behavior
.
On November 18, 2021, the Minghong Ma research team at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania discovered that the IC in the subregion of the striatum has a new function of regulating self-grooming
.
The characteristics of neurons in the IC area.
Researchers have discovered through electrophysiological techniques that the cell bodies of D3 neurons in the IC area are small (6-8 microns in diameter), the cell membrane has high input resistance, and there is no spontaneous action potential
.
Light-activated neurons of this type caused mice to self-groom their hair
.
What's more interesting is that even if the mouse is performing social behavior with other mice, after activating the neuron, the mouse immediately stops the social behavior and starts grooming behavior, making the companions bewildered
.
In addition, whether the hungry mice are eating or in the passive behavior of scratching caused by itching, activating the D3 neurons in the IC area will cause the mice to immediately stop the current movement and immediately perform the grooming behavior, which shows that even if they are For other motivational or target behaviors, activating D3 neurons in the IC brain area can cause strong grooming behavior
.
When the mouse is performing spontaneous grooming behavior or performing grooming behavior after showering, the grooming behavior will be stopped immediately after the light inhibits D3 neurons in the IC area
.
After the Cre-dependent diphtheria toxin A subunit (DTA) virus strategy induces the apoptosis of D3 neurons in the IC brain area, it can also prevent the hair grooming behavior of mice
.
Fiber optic calcium imaging technology found that the activity of D3 neurons in the IC area increased during the grooming behavior, and no increase in neuronal activity was observed in the area far away from the IC brain area (greater than 200 microns).
These results further confirm the IC Regional neurons play a key role in regulating hair grooming behavior
.
The antegrade tracer virus reveals the output of the IC brain area.
In order to further clarify the upstream and downstream input and output of the D3 type neurons in the IC area, the researchers injected retrograde tracer virus into the IC brain area and found that it not only accepts NAc, pear Input from the cortex, VTA brain area, and also receives synaptic input from the ventral globus pallidus, the lateral hypothalamus and the amygdala, which have the function of regulating hair grooming behavior; injection of the antegrade tracer virus into this brain area found that the Neurons in the brain area do not project to other brain areas, and form a single synaptic connection with adjacent medium-sized spiny neurons to form a local microcircuit
.
In summary, this article reveals a new function of neurons in the IC region of the striatum—regulating self-grooming behavior
.
Abnormal self-grooming behavior exists in autism, obsessive-compulsive disorder and other psychiatric diseases, and the IC area may become a potential research target area
.
[References] https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41593-021-00952-z The pictures in the text are from the references
