Nature Metabolism: Unhealthy lifestyles are becoming the "pushers" of cancer!

Multiple epidemiological data clearly show that unhealthy lifestyles are the most common determining factor for cancer and account for 35 to 50 per cent of all cancer and cancer-related deaths.
it is true that factors associated with host energy balance, such as poor diet and lack of exercise, are now directly linked to the main cause of cancer, smoking, which was originally preventable.
September 14th, researchers at memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York published an opinion piece in Nature Metabolism that reviewed how unhealthy lifestyles lead to metabolic and immunological abnormalities and promote tumors.
, the authors discuss how exercise affects distant tissue micro-environments to improve tissue function through metabolic and immunosexual pathways.
From a comprehensive physiological point of view, esograms such as chronic positive energy balance (i.e., obesity espresso) are associated with abnormal mobilization, collection, retention, and function of specific cell types, as well as with molecules that regulate collective disorders in networks, including metabolism, hormone regulation, immune and oxidation balance of host and tissue or tumor micro-environments, and cell and molecular levels.
all regulatory networks and their interactions play a vital role in tumor occurrence, metabolism and immune function are particularly relevant factors.
networks, including metabolic and immune functions, do not operate in isolation, but are highly interdependent in maintaining the body's dynamic balance.
e.g. metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, which causes acidic, nutrient-poor tumor microenvironability, promotes the suppression of tumor antigen delivery and T-cell active immune cell type and ideotype accumulation, thus jointly inhibiting the appropriate anti-tumor immune response.
how obesity promotes cancer obesity is a classic example of how environmental and lifestyle factors drive immune metabolic axis disorders at the micro-environment or cellular levels of the body, tissues, or tumors, thereby contributing to tumor occurrence.
abnormal supply of key metabolic growth factors (e.g. glucose, insulin) stimulates the long-term activation of many growth factor signaling path pathps that promote cell growth, survival and proliferation.
these activated path path path roads, combined with increased concentrations of mutageng substances (e.g., elevated reactive oxygen levels) and presumed genetic changes in gene regulation, together lower the "threshold" for cell carcinogenic transformation and facilitate the post-conversion process.
also causes inflammation and immune function abnormalities.
hypergrowth and hypertrophobic growth of fat cells in various tissues and adipose bank can lead to hypoxia, fat cell stress and death.
the resulting inflammatory media lead to tissue-specific collection and the accumulation of innate immune cells, promote long-term activation of cell proliferation and survival pathways, and provide an alternative "driver" for tumor generation.
the micro-environment of tumors that are obese also have immunosuppressive effects.
For example, in the obese mouse model of breast cancer, myelin-suppressing cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment were raised by the immunosupergenic molecular PD-L1, which was induced by the cytokine IFN-cytosus in the tumor and resulted in impaired CD8-T cell function.
recent report also noted that obesity-enhanced NK cell lipid build-up can lead to in-cell metabolic paralysis and ultimately accelerate the growth of melanoma.
that exercise improves metabolism and immune specificity, we're not helpless.
new findings provide exciting preliminary insights: exercise not only significantly regulates the biological processes of distant tissues and organs, but also plays a central role in the regulation of metabolic or immunomodulative pathways.
exercise-induced protective effect, can prevent organs involved in cancer regulation or prone to malignant tumors from tissue disturbance non-alcoholic fatty liver is the product of chronic metabolic disorders, which increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
in diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver mice, exercise for 4 weeks (voluntary rotation) inhibited the development of liver fatty degeneration compared to the control group.
-related studies have shown that the combination of exercise and inhibition of fat production enhances the activity of the liver-specific kinase AMPK, a key metabolic sensor and regulator that reduces anabolic processes (e.g. lipid synthesis) and increases the breakdown of metabolic processes (e.g., lipid oxidation).
also associated with a reduction in ulcerative colitis, a major risk factor for colorectal cancer.
study found that exercise therapy (i.e., swimming 1 or 1.5 hours a day, 5 days a week, 7 weeks in a row) inhibited colon shortening, colon barrier damage and spleen enlargation in a dose-dependent manner, as well as reducing the depth of colon crypts caused by sodium sulphate and inflamed cell media, and reducing the production of colon-specific inflammatory cytokines.
addition, studies in a variety of mouse models have found that exercise (running for 6 weeks) promotes the rest of hematopoietic stem cells and ancestral cells, reducing bone marrow cell production in bone marrow and systemic monocyte growth.
the regulation of motor movement in tumor micro-environment is equally remarkable the regulation of immune and metabolic function in tumor micro-environment Several studies have shown that exercise can regulate tumor metabolism.
tumors in motorized mice showed abundance changes in 47 metabolites, such as nucleotides, vitamin B6 and amino acid metabolism, and triacetic acid circulation.
, exercise also regulates the immune response in tumors.
, it was reported that in the EL4 lymphoma model, treadmill movement for 2 weeks delayed tumor growth in mice and reduced the build-up of macrophages and neutral granulocytes in tumors.
similar findings were observed in the same Elyse tumor model after six weeks of forced swimming.
, unhealthy lifestyle factors such as obesity can cause metabolic and immune abnormalities that disrupt the body's stability and accelerate cancer.
exercise maintains and restores balance at the biological, tissue, cellular and molecular levels and can prevent or suppress a variety of diseases, including cancer.
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