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Click on the blue word to follow us Oxytocin (OXT) is widely known for its anti-anxiety effects and promoting social rewards
.
The gene encoding OXT is mainly expressed in large cell neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus.
The gene for OXT receptor (OXTr) is widely expressed in the nucleus septum, nucleus accumbens and ventral Covered area
.
Studies have shown that OXT causes anxiolytic effects and has the potential to treat and improve depression, but there is also evidence that OXT causes anxiety
.
These seemingly contradictory results further indicate the complexity of OXT's function in the brain
.
The septal nucleus is a limbic brain structure that regulates motivation, emotion, spatial memory and other functions
.
On September 6, 2021, Yunlei Yang's research team at Albert Einstein College of Medicine discovered that chronic activation of neurons expressing OXT receptors in the septal nucleus induces anxiety-like behavior
.
The OXT receptor neurons in this brain area project to the Broca oblique zone, activating the neural circuit and also cause anxiety-like behavior
.
The Diagonal Band of Broca (DBB) is located in the basal forebrain and is subdivided into vertical (vDBB) and horizontal (hDBB), including cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, which are widely projected to Medial prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, central nucleus of the amygdala
.
Researchers injected chemical genetic viruses into the septal nucleus of OXTr-cre mice to achieve chronic activation or inhibitory effects.
The activation of OXTr-expressing neurons caused anxiety-like behaviors in female and male mice, but did not cause depression-like behaviors
.
Virus tracing experiments found that the OXTrergic neurons in the nucleus septum project to the hDBB site, and light activation of this neural circuit also causes anxiety-like behavior
.
Immunofluorescence showed that OXTrrgic neurons in the nucleus septum belonged to GABAergic inhibitory neurons
.
Further electrophysiological experiments found that light-activated OXTrergic neurons in the nucleus septum inhibited the activity of hDBB neurons
.
The early septal-hippocampal system includes the hippocampus, the lateral septal nucleus, and the medial septal nucleus, which regulate emotions and memory.
The hippocampus and the diaphragmatic nucleus have mutual projections
.
Studies have shown that the ventral hippocampus (vHip) is the classic excitatory input of the septal nucleus
.
The black and white shuttle box is a classic behavioral experiment to evaluate anxiety-like behavior.
Generally speaking, mice or rats like to move in the dark box
.
Anti-anxiety drugs can promote the time the mice stay in the bright box
.
Through the optical fiber recording system, it was found that the calcium ion level of the mouse's vHip brain area when staying in the bright box was significantly higher than the level in the dark box.
In addition, the calcium ion activity of the vHip brain area in the open arm of the elevated experiment was significantly increased.
It shows that neuronal activity in this brain area is involved in anxiolytic-like behaviors
.
Further experiments found that the calcium ion level of the neurons projected by vHip to the septal nucleus in the bright box was also significantly higher than the level in the dark box.
In addition, the calcium ion level in the open arms of the above-mentioned projection neurons was also significantly higher in the elevated experiment.
Calcium ion level in the closed arm
.
Oxytocin has different functions in different brain regions.
This article reveals that neurons expressing oxytocin receptors in the septal nucleus brain region can cause anxiety-like behaviors by inhibiting the activity of downstream Broca oblique zone neurons
.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41380-021-01283-y The pictures in the text are from the references
.
The gene encoding OXT is mainly expressed in large cell neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus.
The gene for OXT receptor (OXTr) is widely expressed in the nucleus septum, nucleus accumbens and ventral Covered area
.
Studies have shown that OXT causes anxiolytic effects and has the potential to treat and improve depression, but there is also evidence that OXT causes anxiety
.
These seemingly contradictory results further indicate the complexity of OXT's function in the brain
.
The septal nucleus is a limbic brain structure that regulates motivation, emotion, spatial memory and other functions
.
On September 6, 2021, Yunlei Yang's research team at Albert Einstein College of Medicine discovered that chronic activation of neurons expressing OXT receptors in the septal nucleus induces anxiety-like behavior
.
The OXT receptor neurons in this brain area project to the Broca oblique zone, activating the neural circuit and also cause anxiety-like behavior
.
The Diagonal Band of Broca (DBB) is located in the basal forebrain and is subdivided into vertical (vDBB) and horizontal (hDBB), including cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, which are widely projected to Medial prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, central nucleus of the amygdala
.
Researchers injected chemical genetic viruses into the septal nucleus of OXTr-cre mice to achieve chronic activation or inhibitory effects.
The activation of OXTr-expressing neurons caused anxiety-like behaviors in female and male mice, but did not cause depression-like behaviors
.
Virus tracing experiments found that the OXTrergic neurons in the nucleus septum project to the hDBB site, and light activation of this neural circuit also causes anxiety-like behavior
.
Immunofluorescence showed that OXTrrgic neurons in the nucleus septum belonged to GABAergic inhibitory neurons
.
Further electrophysiological experiments found that light-activated OXTrergic neurons in the nucleus septum inhibited the activity of hDBB neurons
.
The early septal-hippocampal system includes the hippocampus, the lateral septal nucleus, and the medial septal nucleus, which regulate emotions and memory.
The hippocampus and the diaphragmatic nucleus have mutual projections
.
Studies have shown that the ventral hippocampus (vHip) is the classic excitatory input of the septal nucleus
.
The black and white shuttle box is a classic behavioral experiment to evaluate anxiety-like behavior.
Generally speaking, mice or rats like to move in the dark box
.
Anti-anxiety drugs can promote the time the mice stay in the bright box
.
Through the optical fiber recording system, it was found that the calcium ion level of the mouse's vHip brain area when staying in the bright box was significantly higher than the level in the dark box.
In addition, the calcium ion activity of the vHip brain area in the open arm of the elevated experiment was significantly increased.
It shows that neuronal activity in this brain area is involved in anxiolytic-like behaviors
.
Further experiments found that the calcium ion level of the neurons projected by vHip to the septal nucleus in the bright box was also significantly higher than the level in the dark box.
In addition, the calcium ion level in the open arms of the above-mentioned projection neurons was also significantly higher in the elevated experiment.
Calcium ion level in the closed arm
.
Oxytocin has different functions in different brain regions.
This article reveals that neurons expressing oxytocin receptors in the septal nucleus brain region can cause anxiety-like behaviors by inhibiting the activity of downstream Broca oblique zone neurons
.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41380-021-01283-y The pictures in the text are from the references
