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A genome analysis of lung cancer patients without a history of smoking found that most of these tumors are caused by the accumulation of mutations caused by natural processes in the body
The research team said the new findings will help understand how people without a history of smoking develop lung cancer, and may guide the development of more precise clinical treatments
Researchers including scientists from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and other institutions published an article in the journal Nature Genetics entitled "Never Smokers Lung Cancer "Genomic and evolutionary classification of lung cancer in never smokers" paper, they concluded in the article, "Our findings indicate the development process of LCINS and possible new treatments
The author points out that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and more than 2 million people worldwide are diagnosed with this disease every year
Environmental risk factors, such as exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke, radon, air pollution, and asbestos, or previous lung disease, can explain some lung cancers in never-smokers, but scientists still don’t know most of the causes of these cancers
In their large epidemiological study (part of the Sherlock-Lung Study), Landi and colleagues performed whole-genome sequencing to describe genomic changes in tumor tissues and matched 232 never-smokers (mainly European descent) of the normal organization, they were diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
As expected, because the study was limited to people who had never smoked, the researchers did not find any mutations that were previously associated with direct exposure to tobacco
Genomic analysis also revealed three new subtypes of lung cancer in non-smokers.
The dominant "piano" subtype has the least mutations; it seems to be related to the activation of progenitor cells, which are involved in the production of new cells
The research team reported: “WGD is observed in more than 60% of LUAD among smokers.
Landi said: "We are beginning to distinguish between subtypes that may have different prevention and treatment methods
The research team concluded that at present, treatments for the most frequently recurring genomic changes in forte and mezzo forte have been provided or are being studied in clinical trials, that is, treatments for TP53 or MDM2-TP53 interactions and EGFR or ERBB2 mutations.
The future direction of this research will be to study people of different ethnic backgrounds and geographic locations, whose lung cancer risk factor exposure history has been well described
