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Studies have found that incorrect RNA processing can lead to longer
lifespans.
lifespans.
RNA is an important transmitter in cells and a blueprint
for protein production.
When newly formed RNA is processed, introns are removed, producing mature mRNAs
encoding proteins.
This cut is called "splicing" and it is controlled
by a complex called a "splicing body".
"We found a gene called PUF60 in nematodes, which is involved in RNA splicing and regulating lifespan," said
Dr.
Wenming Huang, the Max Planck scientist who discovered the discovery.
Mutations in this gene lead to inaccurate splicing and retention
of introns in certain RNAs.
As a result, this RNA produces fewer
corresponding proteins.
Surprisingly, nematodes carrying mutations in the PUF60 gene survived significantly longer
than normal nematodes.
Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model organism
for the study of aging.
The nematodes in the picture are labeled GFP::RNP-6
.
Particularly affected by this defective product are some of the proteins
that play a role in the mTOR signaling pathway.
This signaling pathway is an important sensor for obtaining food and is also the control center
of cellular metabolism.
It has long been the focus
of aging research as a target for potential anti-aging drugs.
The researchers also found that in human cell culture, a decrease in PUF60 activity levels led to a decrease
in the activity of the mTOR signaling pathway.
"We think that by changing the fate of introns in RNA, we have discovered a new mechanism that regulates mTOR signaling and lifetime," said
Adam Antebi, the Max Planck director who led the study.
"Interestingly, there are also human patients with similar PUF60 gene mutations
.
These patients have growth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders
.
Perhaps in the future, these patients could be helped
with drugs that control mTOR activity.
Of course, more research
is needed.
”
References: Decreased spliceosome fidelity and egl-8 intron retention inhibit mTORC1 signaling to promote longevity" by Wenming Huang, Chun Kew, Stephanie de Alcantara Fernandes, Anna Löhrke, Lynn Han, Constantinos Demetriades and Adam Antebi, 19 September 2022, Nature Aging
