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Source: the-scientist
Source: the-scientistIt is known that a variety of bacteria can colonize, proliferate and regulate immune function in human tumors, and ultimately affect the survival of cancer patients and their response to treatment.
immunity
Perhaps cancer immunotherapy may be promoted in an unexpected direction: bacteria residing in tumor cells.
The immune system can "see" these bacteria and show that they can be used to trigger an immune response against tumors.
In the past ten years, immunotherapy has greatly improved the recovery rate of certain cancers, especially malignant melanoma; but in melanoma, immunotherapy is still only effective for about 40% of cases.
Samuels and her team, led by Dr.
The research was conducted in collaboration with Dr.
An analysis of 17 melanoma metastases (from 9 patients) showed that there were 248 and 35 unique HLA-I and HLA-II peptides, respectively, derived from 41 species of bacteria.
Identification of intratumoral bacteria in melanoma.
Identification of intratumoral bacteria in melanoma.
These peptides are displayed on the surface of cancer cells by HLA protein complexes-these complexes exist on the membranes of all cells in our body and play a role in regulating the immune response.
Peptides derived from intracellular bacteria can be presented by tumor cells and cause immune reactivity, so as to gain insight into the mechanism by which bacteria affect immune system activation and treatment response.
Evidence of bacterial entry and presentation by melanoma cells.
This revelation provides a potential explanation for how the gut microbiome affects immunotherapy.
The presentation of bacterial peptides on the surface of tumor cells is likely to play a role in the immune response.
In a continuous series of experiments, Samuels and colleagues cultured T cells from melanoma patients and bacterial peptides from tumor cells of the same patient in a laboratory dish.
"Our results show that bacterial peptides present on tumor cells can be potential targets for immunotherapy," Samuels said.
Original link:
Kalaora, S.
, Nagler, A.
, Nejman, D.
et al.
Identification of bacteria-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma .
Nature (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03368- 8
