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Editor-in-Chief | Yi Fan Since the phenomenon that plants have an immune system was concluded by two scientists Jeffery Lee Dangl and Jonathan Dallas George Jones (Nature, 2006), the subject of plant immunology has flourished, and the field of plant immunity has emerged.
Series of important results.
For a long time, most research in the field of plant immunity has used the two immune pathways, PTI (Pattern-Triggered Immunity) and ETI (Effector-Triggered Immunity) as two independent and parallel immune branches.
However, with the extensive and in-depth research, The two main lines based on PTI and ETI have become clear and intersecting, but the specific relationship between the two layers of the immune system has not been clear for a long time.
This has also become one of the important scientific issues to be solved in the field of plant immunity.
.
On March 11, 2021, two research results published back to back by Nature provide a good answer to this important scientific question, revealing that the two major types of immune pathways in plants, PTI and ETI, do not function independently, but have synergy of mutual amplification.
Function, so as to ensure that plants can output a lasting and strong immune response when responding to the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.
The two papers are respectively the paper titled Pattern-recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity completed by the Xin Xiufang team of the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Jonathan Jone team at The Sainsbury Laboratory in the United Kingdom.
The completed paper entitled Mutual potentiation of plant immunity by cell-surface and intracellular receptors.During the long-term "game" between plants and pathogens, two immune systems have evolved, PTI and ETI.
Plants recognize some molecules carried by pathogens through surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of cell membranes, thereby activating the first layer of the plant's immune system, PTI, to resist the invasion of pathogens.
As a countermeasure, successfully invaded pathogenic bacteria secrete a class of toxic proteins into plant cells, which in turn attacks the plant’s immune system to facilitate its infecting plants.
However, plants can sense some toxic proteins of pathogens through another type of receptor protein (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors, NLRs) in the cell, which triggers the plant's second-layer immune system ETI and activates stronger immunity React to resist the attack of pathogenic bacteria.
The research of Xin Xiufang's team found that in plants lacking the first layer of immune system PTI, the plant's disease resistance mediated by the second layer of immune system ETI is also largely lost.
This phenomenon indicates that the PTI immune system of plants is indispensable to the ETI immune system.
Further research found that the first layer of the immune system plays an important role in activating the second layer of immune system to output a normal immune response, especially in regulating the production of reactive oxygen species.
Active oxygen, as a molecule that can directly kill pathogenic bacteria and amplify other immune events in plants, plays an important role in resisting the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.
This study reveals that the two layers of the plant’s immune system achieve the massive production of reactive oxygen species through precise division of labor.
Among them, the ETI immune system is responsible for enhancing the expression of the reactive oxygen synthase RBOHD protein, while the PTI immune system promotes the complete activation of the RBOHD protein.
Nothing.
This ingenious cooperation mechanism can ensure that plants can quickly and accurately output sufficient immune responses when they are infested by pathogenic bacteria.
At the same time, they can avoid excessive exposure when plants face different microorganisms (such as non-pathogenic or weakly pathogenic microorganisms).
Immune output, thereby ensuring the balanced growth of plants and resistance to environmental stress.Interestingly, the study also found that the ETI immune system of plants can enhance the expression of core protein components in the PTI immune system, thereby amplifying the PTI immune system and inducing its more lasting immune output.
Therefore, the two major immune systems, PTI and ETI, complement each other and provide a strong guarantee for plants to stimulate a strong and long-lasting immune response in response to pathogen invasion.
Two major types of plant immune systems, PTI and ETI, coordinated disease resistance model diagram.
In recent years, with global climate change, the outbreak of crop diseases has seriously affected global food security.
The research results not only reveal the intimate relationship between different immune systems in plants, and establish a new plant immune system architecture model, but also provide new ideas for the subsequent integration of plant double-layer immune systems to cultivate excellent and durable disease-resistant crop varieties .
Group photo of Xin Xiufang's team (the third from left in the front row is researcher Xin Xiufang) Yuan Minhang, a doctoral student in Xin Xiufang's research group, is the first author of the paper, and researcher Xin Xiufang is the corresponding author.
PhD students in the research group Jiang Zeyu, Cai Boying, postdoctoral fellow Wang Yiping, and Henan University associate student Liu Menghui are co-authors.
The research was supported and helped by Prof.
Zhou Jianmin and his laboratory Dr.
Guozhi Bi from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Prof.
Sheng Yang He and his laboratory Dr.
Kinya Nomura from Duke University in the United States.
The links to the two papers are: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03316-6 https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03315-7
Series of important results.
For a long time, most research in the field of plant immunity has used the two immune pathways, PTI (Pattern-Triggered Immunity) and ETI (Effector-Triggered Immunity) as two independent and parallel immune branches.
However, with the extensive and in-depth research, The two main lines based on PTI and ETI have become clear and intersecting, but the specific relationship between the two layers of the immune system has not been clear for a long time.
This has also become one of the important scientific issues to be solved in the field of plant immunity.
.
On March 11, 2021, two research results published back to back by Nature provide a good answer to this important scientific question, revealing that the two major types of immune pathways in plants, PTI and ETI, do not function independently, but have synergy of mutual amplification.
Function, so as to ensure that plants can output a lasting and strong immune response when responding to the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.
The two papers are respectively the paper titled Pattern-recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity completed by the Xin Xiufang team of the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Jonathan Jone team at The Sainsbury Laboratory in the United Kingdom.
The completed paper entitled Mutual potentiation of plant immunity by cell-surface and intracellular receptors.During the long-term "game" between plants and pathogens, two immune systems have evolved, PTI and ETI.
Plants recognize some molecules carried by pathogens through surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of cell membranes, thereby activating the first layer of the plant's immune system, PTI, to resist the invasion of pathogens.
As a countermeasure, successfully invaded pathogenic bacteria secrete a class of toxic proteins into plant cells, which in turn attacks the plant’s immune system to facilitate its infecting plants.
However, plants can sense some toxic proteins of pathogens through another type of receptor protein (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors, NLRs) in the cell, which triggers the plant's second-layer immune system ETI and activates stronger immunity React to resist the attack of pathogenic bacteria.
The research of Xin Xiufang's team found that in plants lacking the first layer of immune system PTI, the plant's disease resistance mediated by the second layer of immune system ETI is also largely lost.
This phenomenon indicates that the PTI immune system of plants is indispensable to the ETI immune system.
Further research found that the first layer of the immune system plays an important role in activating the second layer of immune system to output a normal immune response, especially in regulating the production of reactive oxygen species.
Active oxygen, as a molecule that can directly kill pathogenic bacteria and amplify other immune events in plants, plays an important role in resisting the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.
This study reveals that the two layers of the plant’s immune system achieve the massive production of reactive oxygen species through precise division of labor.
Among them, the ETI immune system is responsible for enhancing the expression of the reactive oxygen synthase RBOHD protein, while the PTI immune system promotes the complete activation of the RBOHD protein.
Nothing.
This ingenious cooperation mechanism can ensure that plants can quickly and accurately output sufficient immune responses when they are infested by pathogenic bacteria.
At the same time, they can avoid excessive exposure when plants face different microorganisms (such as non-pathogenic or weakly pathogenic microorganisms).
Immune output, thereby ensuring the balanced growth of plants and resistance to environmental stress.Interestingly, the study also found that the ETI immune system of plants can enhance the expression of core protein components in the PTI immune system, thereby amplifying the PTI immune system and inducing its more lasting immune output.
Therefore, the two major immune systems, PTI and ETI, complement each other and provide a strong guarantee for plants to stimulate a strong and long-lasting immune response in response to pathogen invasion.
Two major types of plant immune systems, PTI and ETI, coordinated disease resistance model diagram.
In recent years, with global climate change, the outbreak of crop diseases has seriously affected global food security.
The research results not only reveal the intimate relationship between different immune systems in plants, and establish a new plant immune system architecture model, but also provide new ideas for the subsequent integration of plant double-layer immune systems to cultivate excellent and durable disease-resistant crop varieties .
Group photo of Xin Xiufang's team (the third from left in the front row is researcher Xin Xiufang) Yuan Minhang, a doctoral student in Xin Xiufang's research group, is the first author of the paper, and researcher Xin Xiufang is the corresponding author.
PhD students in the research group Jiang Zeyu, Cai Boying, postdoctoral fellow Wang Yiping, and Henan University associate student Liu Menghui are co-authors.
The research was supported and helped by Prof.
Zhou Jianmin and his laboratory Dr.
Guozhi Bi from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Prof.
Sheng Yang He and his laboratory Dr.
Kinya Nomura from Duke University in the United States.
The links to the two papers are: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03316-6 https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03315-7
