Nat Neurosci: Identify the key role that immune cells play in the development of the body's brain.

July 16, 2020 // In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Neuroscience, scientists from the University of Colorado's Anschutz Medical Center and others have revealed how interactions between specific brain cells during development are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including certain diseases that occur in later lifePhoto Source: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain Brain Function depends on millions of precise connections between specific brain cell types, including neuronal cells and small glial cells, and the researchers reveal the mechanisms produced by connections called myelin formation between specific cell types, and how the nervous system removes excessive connectionsResearcher Dr Bruce Appel said the findings could help improve our understanding of the underlying causes of certain neuropsychiatric disordersFor the study, researchers used zebrafish larvae, a small transparent vertebrate, that share many aspects of the development of the human nervous system because zebrafish larvae are transparent, allowing them to observe changes in cells in their nervous systems as they developThe researchers found that small glial cells play a key role in regulating myelin formation, which is the body's life-long ability to help ward off infections of the brain's immune cells, myelin formation is the process of the connection between electrically active neurons and few erythropoietic cells, less protrusion cells can use the fat myelin membrane to wrap the long axis of neurons to isolate them, which can greatly improve the speed at which the brain signals are sentResearchers don't know how the nervous system removes this incorrect myelin fragment or protects the crucible; the researchers observed that small glial cells extend and examine individual myelin in the nervous system's entourage, removing it by swallowing or swallowing, and that the level of myelin ingestion of small glial cells also depends on the activity of the neuron, suggesting that small glial cells may listen to neuronal cells to decide whether to remove myelin structureUnderstanding myelin is important because myelin abnormalities are the main markers of the occurrence of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and so onThe study improved scientists' understanding of how small glial cell dysfunction, even in early development, could lay the foundation for the emergence and progression of later diseases by altering myelin formation; finally, researcher Hughes said, clarifying how small glial cells, small-burst glial cells and neurons work together to build functional nervous systems in the brain, or help scientists understand how these cells interact to cause disease or aging, and may also affect the researchers' strategies for myelin repairOriginal origins: Hughes, A.N., Appel, BMicroglia phagocytose myelin sheaths to modify developmental myelinationNat Neurosci (2020)doi: 10.1038/s41593-020-0654-2.