Nat Commun: Functional characteristics of early immune cells

JANUARY 20, 2021 /--- -- Immature dendritic cells found in young children can induce a strong immune response, according to a study by researchers at ---LMU.
results may lead to improved vaccination programmes.
(Photo: www.pixabay.com) dextive cells are an important part of the innogeneious immune system and the body's first line of defense against infectious primary and tumor cells.
their job is to activate T-cells of the adaptive immune system, giving long-term, specific protection against bacterial and viral infections.
devours and degrades proteins that represent the presence of invasive pathogens.
produced by the film is displayed on its surface.
then activateS cells with appropriate receptors to find and eliminate pathogens.
have fewer protrusive cells in newborns and young children than in adults, and these cells also carry fewer antigen-presenting compounds on their surfaces.
based on these observations, immunologists generally believe that these cells are functionally immature.
new study, led by Professor Barbara Schraml of the LMU Biomedical Center, suggests that using mice as model systems is actually wrong.
the characteristics of early dedring cells differ from those of mature mice, they still have the ability to trigger an effective immune response.
new findings suggest ways to improve the effectiveness of vaccines for young children.
Schraml and her colleagues tracked the origin and biological properties of dedes in newborn and young mice using fluorescent labels attached to specific proteins of interest and compared them to mature animals.
these studies show that the tyroblades come from populations from different sources, depending on the age of the animal under consideration.
found in newborn animals are pregeneral cells developed from the fetus' liver.
as mice grew older, these cells were gradually replaced by cells produced by myelin-like pregenes, a type of white blood cell that originated in the bone marrow.
" However, our experiments have shown that, contrary to conventional wisdom, specific subtypes of dendrites in cDC2 cells activate T cells and express inflammatory cytokines in young animals," Schraml explains.
other words, very small mice do trigger an immune response.
, early cdC2 cells were in some ways different from those found in adult mice.
, for example, show age-dependent differences in the genomes they express.
, these differences reflect the fact that as mice age, the signaling molecules (cytokines) that detent cells respond to change.
, among other things, the array of subjects that identify pathogen-specific substances changes with age," Schraml said.
" Another surprise was that early dedring cells activated a particular subsype more effectively than other detryptive cells.
is that this subsype is associated with the development of inflammatory responses.
" results represent a significant contribution to our understanding of the function of tyroblades and may have an impact on medical immunology.
the immune system of newborns is different from that of more mature people, as early-life immune responses tend to be weaker than late-life immune responses.
S. Schraml said: "Our data suggest that by adapting the properties of immunoantigens to the specific abilities of early-childhood degeneration cells, it may improve the effectiveness of vaccination in children.
" (Bioon.com) Source: Functionality of immune cells in early life Source: Nikos E. Papaioannou et al. Environmental signals rather than layered ontogeny imprint the function of type 2 conventional dendritic cells in young and adult mice, Nature Communications (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20659-2