Nat Commun: CAR-T cell therapy has fully recovered a child with transverse muscular tumor s19 months of health and cancer-free.

In a clinical trial evaluating a new immunotherapy regimen for cancer treatment, a child with transverse muscular dysphochioma, a type of muscle cancer that has spread to the bone marrow, was not found to have cancer after being treated with chimeric antigen receptor () cells that have been genetically modified to target proteins on the surface of cancer cellsThe clinical trial was conducted by researchers from Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist HospitalThe results of the study were published in the journal "" in the journalThe picture is from"The child's cancer is considered high risk because it does not respond to standard chemotherapy," said DrDrLead Author and Co-Author of the Paper and An Assistant Professor of Pediatric Hematology at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalSo the child is a candidate for a promising new cell therapy, a personalized immunotherapy that can redirect the patient's own immune cells to identify and fight tumors"The tumor cell surface of the child's patient showed a protein called a proteinThe researchers genetically re-programmed cells to target proteins by expressing molecules that recognize cancer cellsIn a previous clinical trial called the study, these researchers have found that cells targeting tumor cells have good safetyThis early cell therapy produced clinical benefits in a small number of patients but did not eradicate tumors in their bodies"From clinical trials we have learned that targeted cells (hereinafter known as cells) multiply in patients but do not persist which may partly explain the lack of anti-tumor responses," he said"To overcome this limitation, she and her colleagues continued to perform cell infusions and low-dose chemotherapy in what they called a clinical trial to eliminate normal cells and thus improve the proliferation and persistence of infusion cellsThe lymphocyte elimination chemotherapy performed prior to the infusion of cells removes the existing immune cells in the patient,which creates space for genetically modified cells to multiply in the patient"Although the child had a lasting response to the cells and found no tumors, the cancer returned after stopping cell infusion months," he saidFortunately, the child underwent a second remission after re-receiving cell therapy It is very encouraging to consider the challenges of successfully treating solid tumors with cells to achieve this extraordinary immune response "At the time of the study's release, the child had not received cell therapy for several months and was still healthy and cancer-free New insights into how this extraordinary recovery occurred This continued anti-tumor response in the child provides these researchers with important insights into how the cancer was eliminated Cells are developed to identify and attack cancer cells Although not all cancer cells are expressed on the cell surface, the total elimination of the tumor will prompt people to think about how negative cancer cells are eliminated "The evidence we found suggests that the patient's own immune system is recruited to fight tumors after infusion of specific cells, which may help explain the long-lasting total remission." We plan to conduct more detailed experiments in a larger group of patients who receive cell therapy to better understand the role of the patient's immune system in participating in the elimination of cancer "It is fascinating to observe the remodeling of the patient's cellular ventricles during the treatment of this patient and the production of antibodies that target proteins associated with tumor survival and metastasis," said the paper's co-author, Dr Baylor School of Medicine, a senior scientist at the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy at Baylor College of Medicine The immune activation mechanisms and associated tumor targets demonstrated during the acquired response may inform the development of new methods to combat difficult-to-treat cancers "Cells expose cancer proteins to the immune system of patients and thus may play a vaccine role," said co-author Dr Baylor College of Medicine and Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Immunology at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital With greater understanding and further optimization of cell development they may be effective against some incurable malignant tumors References: ""