Nano Lett: Nanostructure surfaces with different elastic modules regulate the immune response by stretching macrophages

Reasonable immune response is the key to the successful implantation of biological materials into the human body, and the design and manufacture of biomaterials to regulate immune response is the future trendthis work, three different nanostructures were constructed on the surface of titanium by hydrothermal method, and through a series of in vitro and in vitro experiments, it was found that the aspect ratio of nanostructures can affect the elastic modulus of the surface of the material and further regulate the behavior of immune cellsThis work shows that the large nanostructure slabs of length and width can give the material a lower elastic modulus, and this is confirmed by experimental and theoretical analysisThe deflection of nanostructures under the action of cell adsorption is a substantial factor of stretching macrophages to enhance cell adhesion and diffusion, further inducing macrophages to differentiate into the M1 phenotypes, leading to a strong immune responseOn the other hand, the relatively low length and width of the material surface nanostructure causes the material surface to have a higher elastic modulus, making it difficult for the material to deflect, forming a surface that is not conducive to macrophage adhesion and diffusion, thereby reducing the immune responseIn addition, molecular biology experiments show that the regulation of the immune response of elastic modulus is mainly related to the NF-B signaling pathwaythese results suggest that the immune response can be regulated by constructing nanostructure surfaces with appropriate elastic modulus and by its effecton on cell adhesion and diffusion, which provides new revelations for the surface design of biological materials