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Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, February 9 (Intern reporter Zhang Jiaxin) In a new study, bioengineers at the University of California, San Diego have discovered a previously unrecognized key role in cancer evolution: clustered mutations in certain regions of the genome
.
The researchers found that "cluster of somatic mutations" induced cancer progression in about 10 percent of people, and understanding them could predict patient survival
Clustered means that they cluster together in specific regions of the cell's genome, while somatic means that their genetic information is not passed on to the next generation
.
The team made this discovery while creating the most comprehensive and detailed map of known clustered somatic mutations to date
.
They first mapped all mutations (clustered and non-clustered) in the genomes of more than 2,500 cancer patients, a work that covers a total of 30 different cancer types
The researchers further found that some cancer-inducing clusters, particularly those found in known cancer-inducing genes, could be used to predict overall patient survival
.
For example, the presence of clustered mutations in the BRAF gene, the most widely observed driver gene in melanoma, improves overall patient survival
The researchers said they found that the difference in survival was simply the detection of clustered mutations in these genes, which is achievable on existing platforms commonly used in the clinic
.
Therefore, it is a simple and precise biomarker for judging patient survival
The researchers also identified various factors that lead to cluster somatic mutations
.
These factors include UV radiation, alcohol consumption, smoking,
In addition, the activity of a group of antiviral enzymes called APOBEC3 may cause this mutation, accelerating cancer development
.
The researchers say this is an entirely new model of carcinogenesis
