Multiple articles focus on new results in cancer heterogeneity research!

"Cancer heterogeneity is one of the characteristics of malignant tumor, which refers to the tumor in the growth process after many times the division and proliferation of its subcells show molecular biology or genetic changes so that the growth rate of the tumor, invasive ability, sensitivity to drugs, prognosis and other aspects of differenceIn this paper, a number of important research results to read together scientists in the cancer heterogeneity research to share with you! IMAGE Caption: The heterogeneity of liver cancer cells helps explain the progression of tumors in patients: Researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital report that many liver cancer tumors contain highly diverse cell populations, a phenomenon known as heterogeneity within tumors, which significantly affects the rate of tumor growthThe immune system's contribution to this heterogeneity may have important clinical implicationsIn a new study published in the journal journal, the team reported that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have developed this heterogeneity, which is the most common form of liver cancer where some tumors grow rapidly by hijacking different genetic networksTumors are a complex ecosystem for the first time our findings show that they can evolve by interacting with the immune system by better understanding how tumors develop and understanding more about how they adapt to pharmacological stress and how they form resistance to cancer treatmentThis greater awareness will hopefully lead us to identify biomarkers that can predict which patients will respond to treatmentThe heterogeneous nature of melanoma hinders an effective immune response: at least diversity among cancer cells is not a good thingIn a new study, researchers from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and the National Cancer Institute found that cells in melanoma are less likely to be affected by the immune system if they are able to differentiate into more diverse subtypes, which reduces the chances of immunotherapy workingThese findings may provide a better tool for designing personalized treatment options for cancer patients and suggest new avenues for developing anti-cancer vaccinesThe findings were recently published in the journalAlthough cancer deaths from melanoma, which have been used in new immunotherapy, have declined in recent years, many patients have not responded to the treatmentBased on this paper co-author, professor of molecular cell biology at the Weizmann Institute of Science wants to know whyThe cause is not clear, but the main hypothesis supported by some studies is that tumors with more mutations have a higher "tumor mutation burden( " that are more likely to respond to immunotherapySome patients even spend a lot of money on radiotherapy or chemotherapy to increase tumor mutations, but the causal relationship between the two has not been provenFluid and tissue biopsies detect acquired resistance and tumor heterogeneity in gastrointestinal tumors: Tumor heterogeneity can drive the evolution of multiple tumor subclones in different patients with unique drug resistance mechanismsPrevious case reports and small case series studies have shown that liquid biopsies, especially no cells, can better reveal the heterogeneity of drug resistanceSo far, however, there has been no study of the effects of a standard single lesions tumor biopsy in a large-scale prospective patient population that is directly targeted after the progress of targeted treatment Based on a recent prospective study conducted in patients identified as gastrointestinal cancer in molecular detection and acquired resistance to targeted treatment, a forward-looking study conducted in a recent study from Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Harvard Institute directly compared the progression with the effects of tumor biopsies that showed that clinically relevant resistance changes and multi-drug resistance mechanisms in patients whose fluid biopsies were not detected for change sempor Chinese scientists analyzed colorectal cancer heterogeneity by optimizing single-cell multi-group sequencing techniques: Researchers from Peking University's Third Hospital, Beijing Future Gene Diagnostics High-Precision Innovation Center and the Tsinghua University Joint Center for Life Sciences in The University of North Tsinghua University found that the use of optimized single-cell multi-group sequencing could better reveal the results of colorectal cancer heterogeneity in the journal The researchers point out that most genetic studies on the progression of colorectal cancer involve exploring gene expression They suggest that more research is needed to understand how colorectal tumors metastasize To achieve this, they developed a sequencing method that allows simultaneous analysis of copy number changes, methylation, and gene expression in a single cell to combine single-cell sequencing data with information from chromosomal configurations, epigenetic data, and other characteristics of tumor cells Scientists have developed a powerful new technique for studying tumor heterogeneity in a liquid biopsy: In a recent study published in the international journal, researchers from the University of Heiney Hospital in Germany developed a new way to study cancer heterogeneity This powerful, streamlined approach, which allows for the analysis of whole genome copies of circulating tumor cells () with a single blood test, provides new ideas and hopes for detecting absolute copy changes in a single tumor cell compared to conventional genomic analysis steps () compared to conventional genomic analysis steps, or for later researchers developing gene-driven targeted therapies and detecting disease progression in patients in liquid biopsies 。 "The genome of tumor cells often experiences multiple abnormal events that are closely related to the mechanisms behind tumor biology and can also be reflected across the genome profile, and recent studies by researchers have also illustrated the fact that abnormal patterns of changes in tumor cells are directly related to increased resistance of cancer cells to different types of drugs, including classical chemotherapy, even immunocheckpoint inhibitors, and so on." Photo Source: Single-cell analysis reveals an important cause of genetic heterogeneity in liver cancer: hepatocellular cancer is the leading cause of death in patients with cirrhosis, and the molecular pathogenesis of liver cancer is very complex and molecular heterogeneous The heterogeneity of cancer genetics is not only reflected in differences in even different tumor nodules or even the same nodules between different patients The molecular heterogeneity of liver cell cancer is partly due to the presence of liver cancer stem cells distinguished by different cancer stem cells that may contain different cancer-driven genes, which poses a huge challenge in finding molecularly targeted treatments Chinese scholars from the United States led a team of researchers at the single-cell level to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the heterogeneity of liver cancer stem cells and revealed the important reasons for the genetic heterogeneity of liver cancer In this study, researchers analyzed liver cell carcinoma () cells at single cell levels in conjunction with transcriptional histology and functional analysis to obtain the heterogeneity of cancer stem cells The researchers present evidence that liver cancer stem cells have heterogeneity in form, function and transcription at the single-cell level They also found that different cancer stem cell subgroups contained different molecular characteristics and that different genes in different cancer stem cell subgroups had an independent correlation with the prognosis of liver cell cancer patients, suggesting that the diversity of liver cancer stem cell transcription groups affected the heterogeneity and tumor progression of tumors Sub-journal: There is a racial difference between prostate cancer incidence and heterogeneity: A recent article published in the sub-journal found racial differences in the incidence and heterogeneity of prostate cancer Prostate cancer is a kind of clinical tumor molecular heterogeneous disease compared with other tumor types of prostate cancer patients with obvious tumor heterogeneous subtypes in the level, epigenetics and other molecular levelof the existence of great differences Its tumor heterogeneity greatly affects the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer patients At present, the clinical prognostication of prostate cancer is still not precise In recent years, the difference in the incidence of prostate cancer in different races has become one of the concerns of epidemiological research Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that currently appear to cause differences in the incidence of prostate cancer among different ethnic groups Several sets of studies showed that higher levels of estradiol and prostate-specific antigens tended to appear in serum in prostate cancer patients in African-American male populations At the same time, the overall survival level of african-American men in the late stages of cancer is much worse than that of the Caucasian population By contrast, Asian men and Asian-Americans in the United States have much lower rates of prostate cancer But while the incidence of prostate cancer in Asian men is relatively low, the fact that men in Asia are more likely to develop advanced prostate cancer may be due to the lack of the molecular screening methods needed for early detection of cancer and the diagnostic tools for tumor heterogeneous screening Scientists have found the culprits for tumor heterogeneity and resistance: A recent interdisciplinary study led by the Cancer Institute and the San Diego School of Medicine in California found that multiple copies of the nonchromosome () expression of cancer genes associated with tumor growth and survival in the tumor cell line analyzed were published in the journal Heterogeneous and evolutionary-related studies that may contribute to tumor heterogeneity and evolution Tumor heterogeneity refers to the difference sintype to phenotype between tumor cells in different patients or between different parts of the body This difference occurs in different individuals that can exhibit different genetic backgrounds such as chromosomal size and mass differences in different cell case types, different clinical stages of different degrees of cell evolution of diversity homogenous tumors also have significant differences in molecular levels: such as gene expression spectrum, network regulation, mutation spectrum and so on Inconsistencies in mutation gene spectra and biological characteristics between tumor cells in the same tumor patient show the high complexity and diversity of malignant tumors in the evolution process : How to solve the tumor heterogeneity of melanoma? : Intratumorhetism ( ) is one of the key causes of failure of anticancer therapy and patient death is also an important issue that researchers try to solve Researchers from the Dutch Cancer Institute and the company have published research in the journal that the use of targeted antibody drug conjugate ( ) can kill specific melanoma cells This combination of therapy and inhibitors may improve the efficacy of melanoma patients Signaling pathways in melanoma are an important signaling pathway in which mutations in genes promote the growth of tumor cells The combination of inhibitors developed for this target is currently a standard therapy that is usually effective for melanoma patients, but the latest study, published by the Netherlands Cancer Institute, suggests that many tumors still develop resistance to this treatment The researchers found that many tumor cells that are resistant to inhibitors express a receptor tyrosine kinase at a high altitude on the cell surface Therefore, the development of treatments that are targeted is therefore the target of their research Tumor heterogeneity of epigenetics: Epigenetic modification can regulate gene activity without changing the sequence, widely involved in the control of gene expression in cell expression in cell growth, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and disease status played a key role, so many scientists have carried out epigenetic and cancer development research Tumor heterogeneity has long been the most common phenomenon that researchers have been concerned about for a long time, such as the fact that only a portion of the tumor cell line was established and that only a portion of the cells could reproduce infinitely in the naked mouse tumor experiment, which required millions of cells, which indicate the presence of tumor cell heterogeneity Previous studies have also shown that chemotherapy drugs and targeted drugs under the action of relatively drug-resistant subgroups have different cells in the tumor cell group have different resistance A team of researchers from Canada found broad differences in individual tumor cell cloning from the same genetic spectrum in terms of their survival rates, growth dynamics, and responses to a particular chemotherapy drug They monitored the genetic profile and growth behavior of colorectal cancer cells transplanted into mice and suggested that additional diversity-generation mechanisms, such as epigenetic regulation or micro-environmental variability, seemed to give tumor cell collections a strong survival potential, especially in times of stress () More wonderful counts! 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