Multiple articles focus on new advances in the study of malignant cancer!

In this paper, the small editor compiled a number of important research results, jointly focus on scientists in the field of malignant cancer research achievements, share to everyone! Photo Credit: Nature Communications 1 Nature study reveals how malignant brain tumors escape chemotherapy and immunotherapy doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2209-9 cancers that are filled with a large number of DNA mutations in cells often respond well to a drug called checkpoint inhibitors that release the immune system to fight tumorsBut a new study suggests that malignant brain tumors, known as gliomas, often do not respond to immunotherapy drugs, even if tumor cells have "supermutations" -- thousands of DNA mutations that in other types of cancer can cause the immune system to enter attack modeScientists in Boston and Paris published an analysis of more than 10,000 gliomas and clinical results published in the journal NatureThe analysis found that the use of checkpoint blockers to treat tumors with hypermutation of glioma patients actually did not have significant efficacyThe finding is somewhat unexpected because immunocheckpoint inhibitors have been shown to be generally effective for other types of cancer -- including melanoma, colorectal cancer, and endometrial cancer -- if their cells have defective DNA damage repair mechanisms and mutations occurThe results of this study provide further evidence of the challenges posed by malignant brain tumorsMalignant brain tumors were initially surgically treated, but are difficult to completely remove, requiring systematic radiotherapy and chemotherapyIn the Asian population, genetic mutations cause malignant head and neck and lung cancer: 10.1038/s41467-020-15318-5 Researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) Singapore Institute of Cancer Science (CSI Singapore) have discovered a genetic mutation called MET, which causes more severe growth of head and neck and lung cancerFurther investigations into this finding reveal a possible treatment strategy for this genetic change, paving the way for clinicians to develop better and more effective treatmentsThe study was published recently in Nature Communications by the MET gene encoding a cancer-promoting protein that supports cancer cell growth and survival and transmits signalsThe study, led by Professor CSI Singapore Goh Boon Cher and DrKong Li Ren, found a form of protein that showed higher frequency in Asians and was associated with poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or lung squamous cell carcinomaAlthough the mutation in the MET gene does not seem to cause a person to develop cancer, it can lead to a more serious increase in the number of cancers that have occurredSTM: Tumor immunotherapy for malignant prostate cancer involves special immunoactivation marker doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz3577 Although metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC) usually has limited response to immunotherapy, in a Phase II trial at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, there is evidence that a part of the patient who has an active T-cell response in the tumor is receiving ipilRecent research published in the journal Science Translational Medicine suggests that some mCRPC patients may benefit from immunocheckpoint inhibitors and provide specific biomarkers for identifying these subgroup patients"Our results suggest that although the tumor mutation burden is low in prostate cancer patients, immunocheckpoint blocking can induce T-cells to respond to new tumor antigens," said lead author DrSumit Subudhi, an assistant professor of oncology in urogenital medicine"We found specific markers in the most beneficial patient subgroups, such as T cell density and IFN-gamma signals, which may help improve our ability to select patients to check point-blocking treatment"Cancers that respond most to immunocheckpoint inhibitors, such as melanoma or lung cancer, tend to have high levels of underlying gene mutations, which lead to the production of enough mutant proteins, or new antigens, that can be effectively identified by the immune systemIn contrast, the level of genetic mutations in prostate cancer is relatively low and there are fewer new antigensNat Commun: Developed a new combination therapy for malignant melanoma: 10.1038/s41467-020-14471-1, a recent study published in the international journal Nature Communications, from the University of California, Los Angeles Scientists at the Jonson Comprehensive Cancer Center have found that using an immunotherapy drug called NKTR-214 ,also known as bempegaldesleukin, can be combined to inject antitumor T cells, or produce a powerful immune response to help effectively resist the progression of malignant melanomaWhen studying mice with melanomas that are less likely to stimulate an immune response, the researchers say, this method increases the number of anti-tumor immune cells, which can survive longer and more powerfully than standard therapies, effectively promoting immune cells to destroy tumorsAdoptive cell therapy is a special type of immunotherapy that can produce the desired therapeutic effect in the treatment of malignant cancer patients, including the extraction and harvesting of immune cells from the patient's body, while engineering them in the laboratory to attack the surface of the tumor of the special antigen, current researchers One of the challenges is the need to give patients leukyle-2, a protein signaling molecule of the immune system, to promote the development and expansion of infusion immune cells, but interleukin-2 activates cells to suppress the immune system's function because of its high toxicity and serious side effectsNat Commun: Developed a new combination therapy for malignant melanoma doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14471-1, a recent study published in the international journal Nature Communications, from the University of California, Los Angeles Scientists at the Jonson Comprehensive Cancer Center have found that using an immunotherapy drug called NKTR-214 ,also known as bempegaldesleukin, can be combined to inject antitumor T cells, or produce a powerful immune response to help effectively resist the progression of malignant melanomaWhen studying mice with melanomas that are less likely to stimulate an immune response, the researchers say, this method increases the number of anti-tumor immune cells, which can survive longer and more powerfully than standard therapies, effectively promoting immune cells to destroy tumorsAdoptive cell therapy is a special type of immunotherapy that can produce the desired therapeutic effect in the treatment of malignant cancer patients, including the extraction and harvesting of immune cells from the patient's body, while engineering them in the laboratory to attack the surface of the tumor of the special antigen, current researchers One of the challenges is the need to give patients leukyle-2, a protein signaling molecule of the immune system, to promote the development and expansion of infusion immune cells, but interleukin-2 activates cells to suppress the immune system's function because of its high toxicity and serious side effectsPhoto Credit: wearechange.org 6Mol Cancer Therap: Scientists hope to develop a new targeted treatment for malignant stagebile cancer: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-19-0631, published internationally In a study published in the journal Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, scientists from Ohio State University Medical Center revealed how patients with cholangoarcinoma are resistant to potentially targeted drugs; adding another drug called FGFR inhibitors to the cancer progression may be effective in making cancer cells sensitive to the first drugIn clinical trials, most FGFR-positive bile duct cancer patients benefit from the treatment of new FGFR inhibitors, but many unfortunately are resistant to the drug, said Sameek Roychowdhury, M.D., and in this study, researchers have a deep understanding of the mechanisms of resistance in patients with bile duct cancer, which is important for later development of cancers caused by abnormal FGFR gene mutationsNat Genet: Scientists identified the malignant pancreatic cancer subtype subtype doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0566-9 In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Genetics, scientists from institutions such as the Ontario Cancer Institute in Canada have identified new pancreatic cancer subtypes to better understand the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer or to help develop new clinical treatmentsIn the study, the researchers conducted the most comprehensive molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer to date, and through detailed genomic and transcriptomic analyses, they identified five different subtypes, namely base-like subtypes, base-like B subtypes, typical A subtypes, typical B subtypes and hybrids, each with special molecular properties that could be targeted by new types of chemotherapy, biology, and immunotherapyResearcher Dr Faiyaz Notta said that because we do not fully understand the molecular subtypes of this deadly disease, the development of the treatment for pancreatic cancer has been hampered; In the article, researchers analyzed more than 300 patients with early and malignant pancreatic cancer who were involved in the COMPASS clinical trial, which aims to develop new personalized treatments for pancreatic cancerNEJM: A targeted combination therapy or hopefully allows postmenopausal patients with malignant breast cancer to live longer! Doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1911149 In a recent study published in the international journal New England Journal of Medicine, scientists from the University of California found that adding the targeted drug ribociclib to standard hormone therapy can significantly improve the overall survival rate of postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative malignant breast cancer patientsThe results suggest that this combination of therapies can effectively play a therapeutic effect when cancer returns, and it is expected to become the primary treatment for postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive/HER2-negative malignant breast cancer patients; Other forms of hormone therapy are chosen, but to see if such treatments are effective, we found that combining Rebosini with standard hormone therapy as a first-line therapy to treat these breast cancer patients, a combination of therapies that promise to be the standard treatment for this type of breast cancer patient NEJM: Two experimental drugs are expected to treat patients with malignant breast cancer: 10.1056/NEJMoa 1914609 In a recent study published in the international journal New England Journal of Medicine, scientists from the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and other institutions found that two experimental drugs are expected to treat patients with malignant breast cancer One of the drugs, the researchers say, shows the ability to reach the brain effectively, and many are known to fail to reach the brain to kill tumors that move to the brain, while the other is aimed at cancer cells' "nesting devices" that effectively load chemotherapy drugs and are released when they reach their destination Researcher Ian Krop says the new treatment is like a missile that can introduce chemotherapy directly into cancer cells About 15 to 20 percent of breast cancers are HER2-positive breast cancers, where cancer cells have a large amount of HER2 protein on the surface and are driven by overactive genes that promote cancer growth; in the article, researchers tested 253 breast cancer patients with a drug called T-DXd, which was injected every three weeks Patients tried the experimental drug an average of six times before using the experimental drug; the researchers analyzed the effects of different doses on patients, 184 of whom performed best, in which 61 percent found their tumors reduced by at least 30 percent, and in 6 percent of those patients, the researchers did not find signs of cancer in their bodies after two follow-up visits Cancer Cell: Scientists are expected to develop a new treatment for malignant leukemia: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.11.001, a study published in the international journal Cancer Cell, has led to research and development of a new way to treat some serious leukemia, including malignant leukemia, which affects infant health MLL re-run leukemia (MLL-r leukaemias) a leukemia subtype with a special genetic structure - MLL rearrangement structure, a disease that occurs in about 80% of acute leukemia infants (under 1 years of age) and 10% of all leukemia patients Including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), MLL-r leukemia tends to cause many patients to die due to resistance to chemotherapy and difficult to treat, while those who survive often have long-term effects on their body health as a result of higher intensity treatment In this study, researchers developed a new treatment for MLL-r leukemia, which has excellent drug properties and can produce a clear response to treat many sick mice when used to treat mice born with MLL-r leukemia (from human patients) The researchers hope the new treatment will treat human patients with MLL-r leukemia, and they hope the treatment will soon enter clinical trials (BioValleyBioon.com) Bio Valley For More Great Counts! 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