Multiple articles focus on new advances in childhood cancer research!

On the occasion of Children's Day, Xiao compiled a number of important research results focusing on the latest achievements made by scientists in the field of children's cancer research, let us focus on children's health and learn together! Photo credit: CC0 Public Domain 1Science: Significant Progress! New research has found that the most common genetic root cause of kidney cancer in children is 10.1126/science.aax1323 In a new study, British researchers have found the earliest genetic roots of wilms' tumour synther sphinsis in childrenBy comparing genome sequences from normal kidney tissue and tumors, they identified what appeared to be normal blockes of kidney tissue that actually carried changes in DNA that led to Wilms' tumor, the findings were published in the journal ScienceThe study reveals a new way that cancer can develop in the first few weeks of life, in which early cells get cancer-related modifications and multiply as the kidneys developUnderstanding the root causes of this cancer promises to improve treatment and help prevent the recurrence of Wilms tumorsThe findings also increase the likelihood that the cancer could one day be screened before it is developedKidney cancer in children is rareVilms tumors are the most common type of kidney cancer in children, mainly affecting children under five years of ageIt diagnoses about 80 cases a year in the UKNine out of ten cases can be cured by surgical surgery to remove the affected kidneys, accompanied by chemotherapy and sometimes radiotherapyTypically, the cancer affects only one kidney, but in about 10 percent of cases, both kidneys are affectedIt is speculated that the cause of The Wilms tumor was a cell "error" during kidney development in the first few weeks of life2Cancer Cell: Targeted therapy helps treat deadly neurocancer in children: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.09.002 According to a recent study published in Cancer Cell, researchers at Mount Sinai have developed a targeted treatment for adult neuroblastoma, a deadly pediatric neurocancerNeuroblastoma occurs in the adrenal glands and partially immature nerve cells in the sympathetic nervous systemNeuroblastoma is one of the most common and aggressive pediatric neuropathic tumors and usually has a poor prognosis, especially in older childrenThe success rate of treatment for the disease varies widely, but is generally lower among adolescents, especially since there is a lack of effective targeted treatment for the diseaseResearchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine found that the ABSENCE of the ATRX gene in neuroblastoma in older children and adolescents may cause it to respond to targeted treatments in tazemetostatTazemetostat blocks an enzyme called EZH2, which inhibits gene expression that promotes normal neuronal development, killing neuroblastomaEZH2 inhibitors have been tested for other cancers in Phase I and Ii clinical trials, including lymphomas, sarcoma and other solid tumors, with some satisfactory resultsNature: Revealing that the cells that cause brain cancer in children have appeared in the embryonic stage as early as doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1158-7 brain tumors are the leading cause of non-accidental death in Canadian children, but little is known about when or how these tumors developIn a new study, researchers from the Hospital of Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, and the University of Toronto, among others, identified cells thought to cause certain brain tumors in children and found that these cells first appeared in the embryonic stage of mammalian development--- much earlier than expectedThe findings, published online May 1, 2019 in the journal Nature, could lead people to develop better treatments to attack these deadly tumors"Progress in developing more effective treatments for brain cancer is largely hampered by complex heterogeneity, or cell diversity, within each tumor," said co-author DrMichael Taylor, a senior researcher in development al-stemcell biology at the Toronto Hospital for Sick ChildrenRecognizing that new technologies may allow us to unlock some of this complexity, we have combined our expertise with McGill University in Canada and the Ontario Cancer Institute to solve this problemUsing mouse models, the researchers studied different types of normal brain cells and how they develop at different points in the brain's cerebellum, where the cerebellum is the most common site of childhood brain tumorsThey mapped the lineages of more than 30 cells and identified normal cells that then turned into cancer cells, also known as origin cellsNat Commun: A new approach to the treatment of brain tumors in children: 10.1038/s41467-020-15770-3 People with hereditary neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are prone to tumors in nervous system tissueA new study by Washington University School of Medicine in StLouis found that the occurrence and growth of these tumors is driven by nearby non-cancerous neurons and immune cellsThese findings point to potential new therapeutic targets for NF1 patientsChildren with hereditary neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) develop brain and neurotumorsIf tumors develop in the optic nerve that connect the eyes and brain, children may lose their vision; a new study from the University of Washington School of Medicine in StLouis suggests that the growth of these brain tumors is driven by nearby non-cancerous neurons and immune cells, targeting immune cells that slow the growth of tumors in mice, and the findings, published in the international journal Nature Communications, reveal new potential treatments for low-level brain tumors in patients with NF1 Nature: Watch out! Researchers at the St Jude Children's Research Hospital, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and the German Cancer Research Center have identified ELP1 as a new susceptibility gene in the children's myelin cell tumor SH subgroup, 10.1038/s41586-020-2164-5 St Jude Children's Research Hospital, European Molecular Biology Laboratory and German Cancer Research Center Myelinma is the most common malignant brain tumor in pediatrics SHH subgroups account for about 30% of all cases of myeloma in children Previous studies have shown that this subgroup is influenced by the genetic predisposition of the patient's reproductive (genetic) DNA abnormality However, this previous work was limited to known cancer susceptibility genes "Scientific evidence and the experience of patients and family members have shown us that genetic mutations may play a greater role than previously thought, and by looking for genes that go beyond the usual suspicion, we have found that a large proportion of SHH-forming neural cell tumors with genetic mutations are not identified." The team looked at all protein-coding genes (exosome groups) in more than 1,000 myelin cell tumor patients The researchers compared their neurotube cytoma findings with more than 118,000 exosomes from several individual symphoid databases with outofing cancer The results showed that 14-15% of children with SHH myeloma had abnormal mutations in the ELP1 gene in the reproductive DNA of children with SHH myeloma Photo Source: JAMA Oncology: The genetic mechanism of osteosarcoma in children: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0197, a study by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recently provided new insights into genetic changes associated with osteosarcoma (osteosarcoma is the most common cancerous bone tumor in children and adolescents) Researchers found that people with osteosarcoma are more susceptible to genetic mutations in known cancers that are harmful or potentially harmful than people without osteosarcoma This finding is important for genetic testing in children with osteosarcoma and their families The study, published March 19, 2020 in the journal JAMA Oncology, said: 'Through this study, we want to find out how many people are at higher risk of developing osteosarcoma due to their genetic factors Not only did we know that at least a quarter of people with osteosarcoma have mutations in a gene known to be susceptible to cancer, but we also found mutations that have never been associated with the cancer BMC Medical Genomics: New findings for children's lymphoma help precision medicine doi: 10.1186/s12920-020-0671-8 Recently, researchers at Nemours Child Health System used next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to more accurately identify the genomic characteristics of childhood leukemia, the most common childhood cancer The study, published in BMC Medical Genomics, found new genetic variants that could be used to assess the effectiveness of chemotherapy and help determine how patients respond to a variety of therapies Advances in genomic research and advanced technology have allowed us to find new variants that could better target children with cancer, the researchers said Pediatric leukemia has a wide variety and complex genomics characteristics, and the previous generation of sequencing techniques lacks much important information to guide our clinical evaluation, risk identification, and patient treatment strategies The researchers analyzed DNA and RNA from bone marrow, cell lines and umbilical cord samples from 32 childhood leukemia patients and five adult leukemia patients Sequencing identified multiple new gene fusions in leukemia genes and previously unknown loss of copies This method allows for more sensitive detection of these genetic variants Nat Genet: Heavyweight! Draw the first child cancer ring DNA map Chromosome outer ring DNA or play a key role in the development of childhood cancer! doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0547-z Over time, cancer is often associated with the gradual accumulation of DNA defects, so cancer is often considered an age-related disease, so why do children also develop cancer? In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Genetics, scientists from the University of Charlotte-Humboldt in Germany and the University of Berlin's Affiliated Medical Center found that extrachromosomal cyclic DNA may contribute to the development of childhood cancer, in which researchers have created the first detailed map of childhood cancer ring DNA, promising to reveal the causes of cancer in children and develop new treatment strategies Every year, nearly half a million people in Germany develop cancer, and about 2,100 patients are children under the age of 18, and in fact, most of the cancers in adulthood are attributed to the mechanisms that induce cancer, including a large number of exogenous factors such as tobacco smoke and radiation, which promote DNA damage in cells, and if DNA damage is left behind and accumulates over time, the affected cells lose control over cell division and growth, leading to cancer 9: New research has revealed that CD137 affects the development of lymphoma in children: 10.1182/blood.201900644 Immune system operation semostly complex, only the precise interaction of various factors can ensure a reliable and correct immune response in a healthy body Abnormal regulatory effects of the immune response are the main cause of the occurrence of a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune and immunodeficiency According to a recent study published in the journal Blood, Kaan Boztu and others from the Santa Ana Institute for Childhood Cancer in Austria surveyed four children from different families with malignant tumors, autoimmune and immunodeficiency patients who shared a mutation in their coded CD137 gene that caused functional dysfunction in the protein CD137 This dysfunction impairs the normal function of immune surveillance, which is particularly significant for the deterioration of lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr infection (EBV) Sci Rep: Old trees bloom with new flowers! Heart disease drugs can significantly improve survival rates in children with invasive brain tumours: 10.1038/s41598-019-46700-z In a recent study published in the international journal Scientific Reports, researchers from the University of Nottingham found that using a heart drug can significantly improve the survival of children with helixonoma, a type of brain tumor Studies have shown that combined treatment with a drug commonly used to treat myocardial hypertrophy can overcome chemotherapy resistance and improve survival in more than one-third of patients with ventricular membrane tumors Ventricular metamatoma is the second most common malignant brain tumor in children They can occur at all ages, but children have worse outcomes than adults Infant survival rates were lowest, with a five-year prognosis of only 42%-55%, and due to varying degrees of success in chemotherapy in children with ventricular membrane tumors, it was often considered a chemically tolerant tumor, as more than half of the tumors could not be cured by chemotherapy alone (BioValleyBioon.com) Bio Valley For More Great Counts! 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