More than 60 species of space plants have been planted in Chang'an District, with a maximum weight of more than 200 kg

"Shenzhou 10" successfully launched a new round of space fever, people are full of curiosity and reverie about the vast space, but also on the "Shenzhou" to travel through the space of plant seeds back to the ground, what can grow out of the shape of the launch On June 13, the reporter came to the aerospace breeding science and Technology Industrial Demonstration Park of Xi'an Aerospace base and learned that "aerospace breeding", also known as "space mutation breeding", is a kind of crop breeding method that uses the space environment that can be achieved by the return satellite or high-altitude balloon to produce beneficial mutation on crop seeds, and selects new germplasm, new materials and new varieties on the ground 。 Aerospace breeding involves the main crop varieties of grain, cotton, oil, vegetables, melons and fruits in our country Through the ground planting experiments carried out by the breeders of many domestic research units, a batch of new crop lines with high yield, high quality, early maturity and multi resistance have been induced and bred, and a batch of gratifying aerospace breeding results have been achieved More than 60 kinds of space plants were planted in Chang'an yesterday afternoon The reporter came to the Xi'an space base space breeding technology industry demonstration park in Chang'an East Street and saw that, in addition to a "Shenzhou" model erected inside the gate, the whole garden full of various fruits, vegetables and flowers looks no different from other modern agricultural science and technology sightseeing parks When the reporter questioned whether the office was "playing concept", a staff member said with a smile, "recently the lilies are blooming very vigorously Let's go and have a look." When I came to the northeast corner of the garden, there was a strong fragrance of lilies from afar A yard covering an area of about 2000 square meters was full of white and yellow lilies Each Lily "body" was 1.2-1.5 meters high, and there were as many as 20-22 lilies on each lily Four researchers who are measuring Lily related data in the field said, "this is the space lily Its height is 3-4 times that of the ordinary lily, and its flowers are 8-10 times that of the ordinary lily At present, they have planted more than 10 space breeding lily varieties After several years of experiment and selection, there are three varieties of lily that are more suitable for the climate and soil conditions of Xi'an, and have begun to grow Area breeding " Compared with the space Lily in full bloom, cucumbers, eggplants, tomatoes, peppers and other vegetables, as well as flowers such as chrysanthemum, Dali and Arnebia, have not yet fully jumped out of the earth mother's arms due to the season According to the "space breeding distribution map" of the park, the park is a comprehensive modern agricultural science and Technology Park focusing on space breeding and integrating scientific research, teaching, demonstration and promotion The planned construction area of the park is 404 mu, which is divided into core demonstration area and experimental promotion area The core demonstration area covers an area of 230 mu, and the experimental promotion area covers an area of 174 mu The core demonstration area is composed of ground breeding area, agricultural museum, central flower area, perennial flower variety exhibition area, space Lily planting and breeding area, tree art creative area, peony viewing area, fruit tree area, seedling area, etc Guo Rui, a researcher of the park, said that the ground breeding area mainly planted more than 60 kinds of vegetable and flower varieties carried by Shenzhou 7, 8 and 9 At present, the park is planted with pepper, eggplant, colorful pepper, ornamental eggplant, space giant pumpkin, gourd, space lily, New Guinea Impatiens, etc carried by space, in addition to geranium, gerbera Star flower, Begonia, passionflower, rose, orchid, banana tree and other flowers and landscape plants, as far as possible in the limited space to create a rich space plant landscape effect There are many kinds of soilless vegetables in the greenhouse, such as lettuce, lettuce, lettuce, tomato, Solanum nigrum, leafwort, etc., which often make visitors have the desire to pick a taste There are more than 20 kinds of perennial flowers in large area, such as Hemerocallis aurea, iris, Lupin bean, big binju, small binju, Babao Jingtian, Sanchi Jingtian, Orioles, torch lotus, Tradescantia, Senecio, Phlox, Zan hairpin, golden pheasant, golden chrysanthemum, false dragon head, echinacea, space carnation, mallow, Yu Meimei, mother-in-law, chrysanthemum These varieties are not only their experimental materials, but also their experimental materials It is the selection material of breeding resources At present, the space carnation that has been bred will soon enter the market after further identification Aerospace breeding is not a genetically modified product What is "space breeding"? Will fruit, vegetable and flower seeds become space seeds after landing? Will it increase production? "Space breeding" is also called "space mutation breeding" according to Guo Rui It is to use the space environment which can be achieved by return satellites or high altitude balloons to produce beneficial mutation on crop seeds, and select new germplasm and new species on the ground Materials and breeding methods for new varieties of crops It refers to carrying plant seeds on a return spacecraft, using space magnetic field, weightlessness, radiation and other environmental factors to mutate seed genes After returning to the ground, breeding experts carefully cultivate new varieties of good and high-yield, so as to significantly improve crop yield and quality Guo Rui especially emphasized a common misunderstanding of space seeds He said that "space breeding" is not a genetically modified product The genetically modified product is to import the artificially separated and modified genes into the genome of the organism Because of the expression of the imported genes, the properties of the organism will change and new varieties will be developed "Space breeding" is a new breed bred by space physical mutation instead of external gene injection The physical mutation of space breeding is caused by the difference between space physical environment and ground environment Guo Rui told reporters that some people may think that when the seeds go up in the sky, they will increase production when they come down When they come down, they are space seeds This concept is unscientific This is a misunderstanding of the public on space breeding Due to the complexity of the space environment and the different adaptability of seed individuals to the environment, not every seed entering the space will have gene mutation, the mutation rate is only 10% of random, and the beneficial gene mutation is only about 3% of 1000 Seed carrying is only a small step in the long march of space breeding, and the most tedious and important work is completed on the following ground Compared with the artificial mutation breeding technology such as transgenic and nuclear radiation, space breeding technology is only a preliminary mutation process, which is realized through space environment, and the subsequent ground breeding work is basically the same After the seeds are carried back to the ground in space, they must be screened, eliminated and stabilized by professional breeders for at least three to five years, from which valuable strains with the prospect of popularization and application must be selected After further tests and identification, the seeds must pass the examination and approval of the national variety examination and approval committee before they can be called "space seeds" for popularization Use Space seeds yield three to four times more than regular seeds Facing the vigorous fruits, vegetables and flowers in the garden, Guo Rui said with a smile, "these are all the space species we are breeding They look good, but they are all" babies " Even if they mature in the future, they will not be sold in the market At present, we do not have the ability to let the Taikong vegetables go to the table of thousands of families." As for the appearance of space vegetables, Guo Rui stretched out his arms to make an "O" shape, saying, "the pumpkin planted last year weighs more than 200 kg, and two strong guys can't hold it, but it's just an individual In general, space plants produce three to four times as much as ordinary plants " Guo Rui said that on August 5, 1987, the 9th recoverable satellite launched by China first carried a batch of seeds, such as green pepper, wheat and "Nongken 58" rice, which started a beneficial attempt of space breeding in China At present, China has successfully carried out 14 experiments with recoverable satellites, with more than 1200 varieties, and carried out exploratory space breeding At that time, the purpose of carrying seeds was not to breed, but to explore the impact of space environment on plant genetics But experts have found that some unexpected changes have taken place in these seeds Therefore, the research of space breeding has been put on the agenda, and began a long period of professional research "Space breeding" involves major crop varieties such as grain, cotton, oil, vegetables, melons and fruits in our country Through the ground planting experiments conducted by the breeders of many domestic research units, a batch of new crop lines with high yield, high quality, early maturity and multi resistance have been induced and bred, and a batch of gratifying space breeding achievements have been achieved.