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When given a novel monoclonal antibody treatment, the human neural stem cell transplant (green) survived and migrated
in the mouse brain (blue).
A study by Michigan Medical College has shown that a new stem cell therapy that uses antibodies instead of traditional immunosuppressant drugs can effectively preserve cells in mouse brains and has the potential to be rapidly tested
in humans.
In the study, the researchers used monoclonal antibodies to suppress the immune systems of mice and compared the results with
traditional immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil.
They used luciferase, a protein that makes fireflies glow, to track the survival of implanted human neural stem cells
.
The results showed that the inhibition of monoclonal antibodies allowed human stem cell transplants in mouse brains to survive for a long time using standard immunosuppressive drugs, and most animals had transplanted cells that survived for no more than two weeks, but lasted at least 6 to 8 months
.
The study's lead author said: "This study clearly shows that the use of monoclonal antibodies is better studied for brain and spinal cord stem cell transplantation in the long term
.
Kevin Chen, a clinical assistant professor of neurosurgery at the University of Michigan School of Medicine, said
.
"With monoclonal antibodies, there are fewer injections, less immunosuppressive toxicity, and cells survive for so long
.
This will enable more experiments and research on stem cell therapies, bringing more hope
for its future in the field of neuroscience.
”
Non-invasive imaging using firefly luciferase as shown in the figure above, where signals from viable cells can be detected in animals treated with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, lower two rows) but rapidly lost in animals receiving conventional immunosuppressive drugs (Tac, second row), or no immunosuppression at all (No IS, first row).
The researchers sought to preserve long-term disorders
of cell survival when treating neurological diseases by testing stem cells in preclinical animal models.
Many scientists rely on immunosuppressant drugs to stop the animals' immune systems from rejecting the stem cells, Chen said, but they ultimately fail, disrupting the process
.
"In many of these experiments, we only saw about a third of the animal cells survive, and there was no way to interpret the results
," he said.
In stem cell therapy, it is very expensive
to perform these experiments without allowing cells to survive.
”
Traditional immunosuppressive drugs are less selective than monoclonal antibodies, which in this study target two immune proteins
.
These antibodies have only been analyzed in a few neurological stem cell therapy studies
.
However, the study tracked cell survival for up to 8 months — one of
the longest time points ever published on stem cells in the brain and spinal cord.
This research lays the groundwork for understanding how transplanted stem cells fit into the brain: "Our new findings continue to support advancing stem cell therapies into human clinical trials
.
" Stem cell therapy remains a beacon
of hope for neurological disorders.
”
“Monoclonal antibody-mediated immunosuppression enables long-term survival of transplanted human neural stem cells in mouse brain,” Clinical and Translational Medicine.
