Mol Cancer Res: The absence of fat-regulating genes accelerates the spread of prostate cancer.

, June 24, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Researchers in the Department of Radiology
and Molecular Radiology at Johns Hopkins University's Kimmel Cancer Center have discovered a lipid-regulating protein that delivers what researchers call "super-capacity" substances to prostate cancer cells, causing them to spread malignantlyin the study of prostate cancer cells and matrix cell lines in humans, cells no longer use lipids when a lipoprotein called CAVIN1 is removed from matrix cells (
connective tissue cells in and around the tumor)Instead, cancer cells indulge in fat in the environment as fuel, including the hormones needed to make cancerThe findings were published recently in the journal Molecular Cancer ResearchPicture Source:"We know that aggressive tumors, such as rapid growth and metastasis, do not occur alone, so we wanted to identify the role of the tumor microenvironment in promoting the proliferation of cancer cells, especially the interactionbetween prostatetumorcells and matrix cells," said DrMariki Laiho, director of the Department of Molecular Researchthe Department of Molecular Radiation Sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and a professor of radiation oncology and molecular radiation sciences"
in human cell line experiments, when researchers removed CAVIN1 from matrix cells that formed fibroblasts, matrix cells no longer use lipids, but lipids remain in the environment, to the surprise of the researchers, they became a buffet of cancer cellsIn each of the prostate cancer cell lines tested, the authors found thattumorscells generally have an appetite for lipids, which can be used to drive growth, strengthen the protective membrane around the cells, synthesize proteins, and make testosterone support the growth of cancer"As a result, tumor cells behave more aggressively and exhibit aggressive and metastatic behavior," said Jin-Yih Low, lead author of the study"As long as you have access to lipids, tumor cells get more energyThe tumor is still the original tumor, but the behavior of thethe tumor has changed"
, when interstitial fibroblasts do not use lipids, they change and begin to secrete inflammatory molecules, changing the microenvironment oftumorInflammation is a characteristic that has long been thought to promote cancerto confirm their findings,, researchers conducted a similar experiment in a mouse model, implanting prostate cancer cells and matrix cells into the prostate of mice to compare the behavior of tumors withno-CAVIN1 function in matrix cellsAlthough the presence or absence of CAVIN1 does not affect the growth rate of the tumor, the lack of CAVIN1 can lead to the spread of the tumorThe metastasis rate increased 2 to 5 times in mice whose tumors did not express CAVIN1These tumors lipids and inflammatory cells also increased 40 to 100 times Laiho called the findings shocking "We suspect edaper1 is important, but we don't realize how important it is Microenvironments are important, and the amount of grease is very important Malignant metastasis is caused simply by converting cells from low-fat levels to high-fat levels Photo Source: Researchers at Molecular Cancer Research researchers say the absence of CAVIN1 in tumor cells may be used as a biomarkers, alerting clinicians to the risk of metastasis Interventions are being studied, but challenging because all cells require lipids Any treatment designed to suppress lipids must be specific to cancer cells Ongoing research aims to better understand the inflammatory process and ways to stop it from accelerating the spread of cancer For example, the researchers wanted to know why inflammation attracts macrophages to further exacerbate the inflammatory process, but not beneficial T-cells to fight cancer, and whether liposome cells can send signals to affect the immune checkpoint -- the immune system's on and off switch CAVIN1 was first discovered in human fatty malnutrition syndrome, a disease that blocks lipid absorption and prevents patients from producing fat cells, putting them at risk from diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes (BioValleyBioon.com) reference: Loss of the matter-regulating gene fuels prostate cancer Jin-Yih Low et al Stromal CAVIN1 controls prostate cancer microenvironment and metastasis by modulating distribution and a' Molecular Cancer Research (2020) DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0364
.