Microbial Genomics: Oral bacteria cause enteritis

Nov 1, 2020/--- A study led by the University of New South Wales in Sydney found that severe ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is linked to a newly discovered strain of oral bacteria.
scientists found a molecule called pSma1 in bacterial cell samples from people with severe ulcerative colitis.
the molecule in certain strains of Campylobacter Campylobacter (C. condisus) that are commonly found in the mouth.
findings, published in the latest issue of Microbial Genomics, provide further evidence linking oral bacteria to IBD.
Although scientists examined the genomes of bacteria with relatively small sample sizes and their analysis did not show whether bacteria played a role in causing severe ulcerative colitis, their findings provide an interesting avenue for future research to prevent and treat the disease.
"When we swallow food or saliva every day, oral bacteria enter the digestive system," said Zhang, senior lecturer at the School of Biotechnology and Biometric Sciences at the University of Science in New South Wales and senior author of the study.
most bacteria are killed by acid in the stomach, but some can survive and colony in the intestines.
may not last long, but the mouth will continue to provide new bacteria, and that's the problem.
2013 study, IBD affects more than 75,000 Australians and is expected to grow to 100,000 by 2022.
IBD is a general term that usually refers to Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, a chronic disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the inner walls of the large intestine.
cause of ulcerative colitis is not yet known.
in severe cases of ulcerative colitis, inflammation can spread further through the large intestine.
patients may experience extreme pain, bleeding and diarrhea.
who do not respond well to medication may need surgery to remove the entire large intestine.
zhang says it's not clear why some patients don't respond well to treatment - but the pSma1 bacterial flow can provide some clues.
the small prosurge pSma1 molecule, which is rapidly replicated, is a kind of prosurgeon: ring-shaped small molecule DNA that usually lives inside bacterial cells.
can carry genes that increase bacterial toxicity (i.e. severity or harmfulness).
, lead author of the study and a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Science at the University of New South Wales, said: "The prosultes are located outside the chromosome DNA of bacteria.
it is considered a m removable genetic component, which means it can be transferred between bacteria of different strains and even between different species.
if the prosurbule carries any toxic genes, the bacteria may get this toxicity.
at the University of New South Wales found the pSma1 bacterial strain in patients with severe ulcerative colitis who had underwent surgery.
examined the genomes of 239 trypanosomiasis strains from 146 people around the world, including 62 from 28 patients with ulcerative colitis.
Zhang, who has been studying the link between Ccillus difficile bacteria and intestinal health, was surprised by the properties of the new protons.
said: "pSma1 is a very small granules.
"It has only two genes, but has 60 high copies, which means that a bacterial cell will contain 60 protons.
if the prosurage carries a toxic gene, a relatively high replication rate increases the virulance of the bacteria, " he said.
potential treatment target bacterial strains can help explain why some patients with severe ulcerative colitis do not respond well to medication.
strain can also be used as a potential marker for the possible development of the disease.
Zhang hopes to explore these issues in future studies that will use a larger genome sample size.
the bacteria may also be a potential target for future treatment if it is found to be associated with the pathogenesis (i.e. origin) of severe ulcerative colitis.
"We may have found the field of future drug development to prevent severe ulcerative colitis."
if we find that granules play a role in pathogenesis, it may be very easy to translate this finding into clinical use.
treatment of the mouth can help reduce the load of bacteria.
may not be able to eradicate the bacteria, but we can certainly reduce the load.
(bioon.com) Source: Severe form of appaly bowel disease linked to strain of mouth bacteria Original source: Fang Liu et al, Analysis of complete Campylobacter concisus genomes of the eels genomospecies features, secretion systems and novel plasmids and their association with with with severeicial colitis (microbial genics 2020). DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000457