Metformin has a new role

< br / > < br / > according to singularity.com, recently, Gao Guoquan, a team of Chinese scientists from Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat sen University, published important research results on PNAS< br / > they analyzed the treatment data of thousands of patients with advanced colorectal cancer and found that in patients with advanced colorectal cancer with KRAS mutation, the total survival time of patients with metformin was 37.8 months longer and the median progression free survival time (MPFs) was 8.1 months longer than that of patients with other types of hypoglycemic drugs< br / > no protective effect of metformin was observed in colon cancer patients without KRAS mutationAfter exploring the underlying mechanism, the researchers found that mutations in KRAS led to the accumulation of metformin in cancer cells, ultimately inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells< br / > GAO Guoquan's team found that KRAS mutation is the key to metformin's anti-cancer activityThe specific mechanism is that KRAS mutation leads to the decrease of expression level of membrane channel protein mate1 and the enrichment of metformin in cellsTherefore, long-term administration of metformin, even at low doses, may lead to the accumulation of metformin in cancer cells mutated by KRAS, thus inhibiting Ras / ERK and Akt / mTOR pathways, and ultimately inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells< br / > to the researchers' surprise, if patients with cancer of diabetes took metformin, their overall survival time was even 17.5 months longer than those without diabetesOther hypoglycemic drugs, such as insulin, sulfonylureas, non sulfonylureas, α - glucosidase inhibitors and thiazolidinediones, have no such effectThis also made the researchers realize that metformin's anti-cancer mechanism may not depend on its hypoglycemic effect< br / > at present, the research team is conducting prospective clinical trials in the cancer prevention and treatment center of Sun Yat sen UniversityWhat is the effect of metformin in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer with KRAS mutation< br / > this is not the first time that metformin has been reported to play a role in the treatment of cancerAccording to the research of scientists in various countries, the possible anti-cancer effects of metformin include: combination of drugs or treatment of three yin breast cancer; synergistic inhibition of tumor growth with fasting; protection of stomach and reduction of gastric cancer risk< br / > as an old drug, metformin has been used for a long timeIn 1994, metformin was officially approved by the US FDA for type 2 diabetes, which is one of the most widely used type a hypoglycemic drugs< br / > as a long-standing drug, metformin is estimated to have more than 120 million users worldwide With the deepening of research, the potential of metformin has been expanded In addition to the latest findings, metformin may also be found to have more than 20 kinds of effects < br / > metformin is a kind of hypoglycemic drug that can reduce weight It can increase insulin sensitivity and reduce fat synthesis For many type 2 sugar friends, weight loss itself is a good thing for blood sugar control < br / > a study by the American Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) team showed that patients who were treated with metformin lost an average of 3.1 kg in weight over a period of seven to eight years in an unblinded study < br / > recently, the U.S Food and Drug Administration approved the clinical trial of "metformin against aging" The reason why foreign scientists regard metformin as a candidate anti-aging drug may be that metformin can increase the number of oxygen molecules released to cells, which in principle seems to increase the body's strength and prolong life < br / > an important news is published on the official website of nature, an international scientific and technological journal According to the report, a small clinical study in California shows for the first time that it is possible to reverse the human epigenetic clock Over the past year, nine healthy volunteers have taken a mixture of growth hormone and two diabetes drugs, including metformin By analyzing the markers on a person's genome, their biological age dropped by an average of 2.5 years < br / > research results show that the team led by professor Scott Budinger of Northwestern University in the United States confirmed in mice that metformin can prevent the inflammation caused by haze, prevent immune cells from releasing a dangerous molecule into the blood, inhibit the formation of arterial thrombosis, and thus reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease < br / > researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found that long-term nicotine use led to the activation of AMPK signaling pathway, which was inhibited when nicotine was given up So they speculated that if drugs were used to activate the AMPK signaling pathway, it might alleviate the withdrawal response < br / > metformin is an AMPK agonist When the researchers used metformin in mice that had nicotine withdrawal, they found that it reduced the withdrawal response Their research shows that metformin can be used to help quit smoking < br / > preclinical and clinical studies have shown that metformin can not only improve chronic inflammation by improving metabolic parameters such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia causing atherosclerosis, but also has direct anti-inflammatory effect < br / > it has been shown that metformin can inhibit the inflammatory response, mainly through amp activated protein kinase (AMPK) - dependent or independent inhibition of nuclear transcription factor B (NFB) < br / > the team of Huang Jing, a Chinese scientist at UCLA, found that metformin, rapamycin and other drugs can stimulate mouse hair follicles to enter the growth period and promote hair growth Relevant research was published in the famous academic journal Cell report < br / > moreover, when using metformin to treat patients with PCOS in China and India, scientists have also observed that metformin is associated with reduced hair loss < br / > in addition, different research results show that metformin also has new findings in some diseases affecting women's health < br / > metformin may reduce the risk of miscarriage and premature delivery in certain pregnant women, according to a study in the lancet < br / > according to reports, from NTNU St.Olavs Hospital scientists have conducted a nearly 20-year study that found that metformin may reduce the risk of late miscarriage and premature delivery in patients with PCOS at the end of the third trimester < br / > polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by hyperandrogenemia, ovarian dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology The pathogenesis of PCOS is unclear, and patients often have different degrees of hyperinsulinemia The research shows that metformin can improve hyperandrogenemia by reducing insulin resistance, restoring ovulation function < br / > the team led by Dr Marsha rich rossner of the University of Chicago found that metformin, in combination with another old drug, heme, can target the treatment of triple negative breast cancer, which is a serious threat to women's health < br / > and there is evidence that this treatment strategy may be effective for lung cancer, renal cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, acute myeloid leukemia and other cancers Relevant research is published in the top journal Nature < br / > in addition to the above new effects, metformin has the following new findings: < br / > metformin has cardiovascular protective effect, and is the only antidiabetic drug recommended by diabetes guidelines as having clear evidence of cardiovascular benefits Studies have shown that long-term treatment with metformin is significantly associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes and in patients with type 2 diabetes who have developed cardiovascular disease < br / > studies have shown that metformin can restore the proportion of intestinal flora and make it change to a healthy direction It can provide favorable living environment for intestinal probiotics, so as to reduce blood sugar and regulate immune system < br / > recently, researchers at McGill University found that metformin can treat some forms of fragile X syndrome with autism, and the innovative study was published in the journal Nature Medicine At present, autism is one of many medical conditions that scientists think can be treated with metformin < br / > researchers at the University of Alabama, Birmingham, found that AMPK activity in fibrotic tissue decreased and myofibroblasts resistant to apoptosis increased in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis model in mice < br / > using metformin to activate AMPK in myofibroblasts can make these cells sensitive to apoptosis again In addition, metformin can accelerate the ablation of the fibrosis tissue This study shows that metformin or other AMPK agonists can be used to reverse the fibrosis that has been produced < br / > researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas created a mouse model that mimics pain related cognitive impairment They used the first mock exam to test the efficacy of various drugs < br / > the results showed that the cognitive impairment caused by pain could be completely reversed after 7 days of metformin treatment < br / > gabapentin for neuralgia and epilepsy has no such effect This means that metformin can be used to treat cognitive disorders in patients with neuralgia < br / > recently, according to singularity.com, scholars from the European Cancer Research Institute found that metformin and fasting can work together to inhibit the growth of tumor in mice < br / > according to further research, metformin and fasting can inhibit tumor growth through pp2a-gsk3 β - Mcl-1 pathway, which was published on cancer cell Yu-Yen Chen, a Chinese Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan, China, has recently found that the incidence rate of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is significantly lower in metformin patients with type 2 diabetes This shows that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions of metformin can protect amd while controlling diabetes < br / > recently, the lancet diabetes and endocrinology published a study The results show that metformin can improve metabolic health and reduce serious side effects of glucocorticoid treatment in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases in phase 2 clinical trials < br / > it is suggested that metformin may play a role through the key metabolic protein AMPK, and the mechanism of action of metformin is opposite to that of glucocorticoid, which has the potential to reverse the side effects of large-scale use of glucocorticoid < br / > previously, a research team led by Robin J.M Franklin of Cambridge University and his disciple Peter Van wijngaarden published in the top-level journal Cell stem cells, saying that they found a special kind of aging neural stem cells, which, after metformin treatment, can restore the response to differentiation promoting signals, reproduce the vitality of young state, and further promote the regeneration of neural myelin sheath < br / > this finding means that metformin is expected to be used in the treatment of irreversible neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis < br / > according to a new medical perspective released by the content team of Wuxi apptec, ten thousand people's studies have shown that metformin may improve the risk of kidney failure and death from kidney disease < br / > a study published in diabetes care, a journal of the American Diabetes Association, showed that metformin use in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was associated with a reduced risk of death and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in more than 10000 people, It did not increase the risk of lactic acid poisoning < br / > although metformin has so many exciting findings, the drug is toxic in three parts You should not buy your own medicine, but use it under the guidance of a doctor < br / > recently, cell stem cell, a subsidiary of the world's top scientific journal Cell, updated the latest research on metformin: dimethylbis