Menispermaceae

the 1st department of the Geminal Leaf Plant
Magnolia
. Almost all vine, woody, chewing leaves often have a bitter taste, stems cross-section can be seen obvious car spoke texture (dimensional tube bundle), and often yellow. The leaf handle is often shield-shaped in the near base of the leaf, the leaf vein-like, very little feathery. Flowers small but not bright, mono sex heterogeneity, insect-borne pollination, composed of various flower sequences; flowers are usually divided into slivers and petals, peri-round, each round
3
or
4
pieces are the majority; males
3
to more, The flower wire is separated to healing, the pollen grain flat ball to the long spherical shape, usually with
3
trench hole, the heart skin
1
to more, away from life, each skin has
2
embryo beads, but one of the often early degradation. Nuclear fruit, outer peel flesh, red when ripe, inner peel (core) wood or bone, surface has a variety of carvings, fetal signs (
condyle
) usually exist, sometimes perforated. Fossils were first discovered in the late Cretaceous period. Chromosomal base
x 11
,
12
,
13
,
19
,
25
. About
65
species
350
species, distributed in the tropics and subtropical, temper zone is very small. There are
19
species in China,
70,
species, produced in the Yangtze River basin and its south, a few species can also be seen in north and northeast China.undergraduate plants are mostly rich in alkaloids, up to more than 100 species, although many species, but the type is not too complex, basically concentrated in the
bis
-
benzylisoquinoline alk aleoids
), original carbalins (
protober-ine alkaloids
) and apuline (
aporphine alkaloids
).undergraduate powder self-defense, fenglong (Chinese medicine name aovine or aovine) and green cow bile (Chinese medicine name Jinguolan) are commonly used Chinese medicine. Chijin fuji belongs to many kinds of large roots are important pharmaceutical raw materials. The genus of round embryo vine and the genus Satoshi contains a variety of alkaloids that can be used as muscle pine agents. A South American-made archery plant
Choncho
-
dendron tomentosum
contains
1
-
tubercurarine
and
1-Curine
are well-known muscle pine agents. Anamirta cocculus,
north-eastern India
the fruit of the fish is insect repellent and poisonous fish. Jatrorrhi-za palmata,
south-east Africa,
roots are a commodity herb that has a strong and stomach-churning effect. The branches of the dragon and the fine round vine are the raw materials for the Kawakawa rattan. A sweet substance
monellin
, which is about
3,000
times sweeter than sucrose, can be isolated from the fleshy peels of the
Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii
produced in Western Africa.undergraduates have a systematic developmental relationship with Mutongko and Xiaoke (especially the Woodburn genus), but are closer to Mutong. If there are rattan habits, flower structure also has a lot in common, the pollen characteristics of the two are similar. The separation of the stem tube bundle by the broad primary myelin ray is a common feature of the above-mentioned
3
plants, and some aspects of the anatomical characteristics of the woody stem are some of the differences between the undergraduate and the small python. Undergraduate plants often contain small pyridine, which is the same as small pyridine plants.。 L
. Dills mainly according to the characteristics of the inner peel of the undergraduate divided into the following
8
ethnic groups: (1)
Tiliacoreae
(
s Triclisieae
) about
15
genus, China has
3
genus. (2)
Peniantheae
,
2
, not produced in China. (3)
Coscinieae
(
-Ana
-
mirteae
),
3


genus; (4)
Fjbraureae
,
3
and China
2
genus. (5)
Tinosporeae
,
19
and 3
in
China. (6)
Anomos
-
Permeae
,
3
, not produced in China. (7)
Hyperbaeneae
,
1
, China does not produce (8)
Menispermeae
(
- Cocculeae
),
3
Subs,
18
to
19
), china has
11
genus.。