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Testosterone (also known as testosterone, testosterone) is the main sex hormone for men, 95% of which is secreted by the testicular stromal cells and 5% by the adrenal glands.
Previous studies have confirmed that testosterone levels are associated with selfishness in individual economic decision-making.
So, does the increase in testosterone level affect a person's pattern (such as generosity)?
Previous studies have confirmed that testosterone levels are associated with selfishness in individual economic decision-making.
So, does the increase in testosterone level affect a person's pattern (such as generosity)?
Recently, in a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a research team led by Shenzhen University revealed through experiments conducted in male volunteers that high levels of testosterone would weaken generosity and determined The neurological mechanism that leads to this behavior.
Many studies in the past have linked high levels of testosterone to unethical behaviors, such as infidelity to a partner and strained social relationships, as well as leading to changes in decision-making, even anti-social behavior, and sometimes increasing the desire for material wealth.
In this study, the researchers designed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial and combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with pharmacological procedures to investigate the neural mechanism that high levels of testosterone reduce generosity .
The researchers recruited 70 male volunteers between the ages of 18 and 25 and randomly divided them into two groups.
At the beginning of the experiment, the volunteers were smeared with gel on their upper arms and shoulders.
One of the gels contained 150 mg of testosterone; the other gel was a placebo.
The researchers recruited 70 male volunteers between the ages of 18 and 25 and randomly divided them into two groups.
At the beginning of the experiment, the volunteers were smeared with gel on their upper arms and shoulders.
One of the gels contained 150 mg of testosterone; the other gel was a placebo.
The second part of the experiment is "social distancing", that is, investigating the emotional intimacy of participants with others in their lives.
Then, the researchers asked all participants to evaluate their "social distance" from different people, with an evaluation value ranging from 1 to 100, with 1 representing the person closest to them (such as parents), and 100 representing the person who was the furthest social distance from them ( For example, someone who just met), and excludes all participants who have unfriendly relationships with others.
Then, the researchers asked all participants to evaluate their "social distance" from different people, with an evaluation value ranging from 1 to 100, with 1 representing the person closest to them (such as parents), and 100 representing the person who was the furthest social distance from them ( For example, someone who just met), and excludes all participants who have unfriendly relationships with others.
Next, the researchers asked participants to conduct a "social discount task" experiment.
Gaining gains or suffering losses from people who have a certain social distance will have a certain impact on the self, and this impact will decrease as the social distance with others increases.
This phenomenon is called social discounting.
Gaining gains or suffering losses from people who have a certain social distance will have a certain impact on the self, and this impact will decrease as the social distance with others increases.
This phenomenon is called social discounting.
The researchers asked participants to choose between selfish choices (only good for themselves) and generous choices (which also provide some benefits for others at a certain social distance).
The specific task is for the researchers to give participants a certain amount of money and ask them to allocate between themselves and people who have previously assessed social distancing.
Throughout the task, the researchers observed their brain activity through functional magnetic resonance imaging.
The specific task is for the researchers to give participants a certain amount of money and ask them to allocate between themselves and people who have previously assessed social distancing.
Throughout the task, the researchers observed their brain activity through functional magnetic resonance imaging.
The results of the experiment show that, first of all, at the behavioral level, the amount allocated by the participants is closely related to the “social distance” they assessed, that is, the degree of generosity decreases with social distance, but those who receive testosterone will not behave so much.
generous.
Second, at the neurological level, the researchers found differences in the activity of the brain's temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), which is the area where the parietal and temporal lobes of the brain meet, and plays a key role in prosocial and generous behaviors such as empathy.
.
generous.
Second, at the neurological level, the researchers found differences in the activity of the brain's temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), which is the area where the parietal and temporal lobes of the brain meet, and plays a key role in prosocial and generous behaviors such as empathy.
.
TPJ encodes the value recognition of this choice in the process of generous selection, and this effect is weakened by testosterone, which indicates that testosterone reduces the consideration of the welfare of others by weakening the activity of TPJ.
In addition, compared with the testosterone group, the TPJ activity of the placebo group more strongly reflects the difference in individual generosity.
Testosterone also impairs generous decision making and the connectivity between TPJ and the area extending from the insula to the striatum.
Testosterone also impairs generous decision making and the connectivity between TPJ and the area extending from the insula to the striatum.
In summary, this study provides causal evidence for the link between testosterone-mediated neurohormones and generous values.
These findings suggest that a brain network that contains both cortical and subcortical components supports the influence of testosterone on social preferences.
(Bioon.
com)
These findings suggest that a brain network that contains both cortical and subcortical components supports the influence of testosterone on social preferences.
(Bioon.
com)
Testosterone (also known as testosterone, testosterone) is the main sex hormone for men, 95% of which is secreted by the testicular stromal cells and 5% by the adrenal glands.
Previous studies have confirmed that testosterone levels are associated with selfishness in individual economic decision-making.
So, does the increase in testosterone level affect a person's pattern (such as generosity)?
Previous studies have confirmed that testosterone levels are associated with selfishness in individual economic decision-making.
So, does the increase in testosterone level affect a person's pattern (such as generosity)?
Recently, in a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a research team led by Shenzhen University revealed through experiments conducted in male volunteers that high levels of testosterone would weaken generosity and determined The neurological mechanism that leads to this behavior.
Many studies in the past have linked high levels of testosterone to unethical behaviors, such as infidelity to a partner and strained social relationships, as well as leading to changes in decision-making, even anti-social behavior, and sometimes increasing the desire for material wealth.
In this study, the researchers designed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial and combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with pharmacological procedures to investigate the neural mechanism that high levels of testosterone reduce generosity .
The researchers recruited 70 male volunteers between the ages of 18 and 25 and randomly divided them into two groups.
At the beginning of the experiment, the volunteers were smeared with gel on their upper arms and shoulders.
One of the gels contained 150 mg of testosterone; the other gel was a placebo.
The researchers recruited 70 male volunteers between the ages of 18 and 25 and randomly divided them into two groups.
At the beginning of the experiment, the volunteers were smeared with gel on their upper arms and shoulders.
One of the gels contained 150 mg of testosterone; the other gel was a placebo.
The second part of the experiment is "social distancing", that is, investigating the emotional intimacy of participants with others in their lives.
Then, the researchers asked all participants to evaluate their "social distance" from different people, with an evaluation value ranging from 1 to 100, with 1 representing the person closest to them (such as parents), and 100 representing the person who was the furthest social distance from them ( For example, someone who just met), and excludes all participants who have unfriendly relationships with others.
Then, the researchers asked all participants to evaluate their "social distance" from different people, with an evaluation value ranging from 1 to 100, with 1 representing the person closest to them (such as parents), and 100 representing the person who was the furthest social distance from them ( For example, someone who just met), and excludes all participants who have unfriendly relationships with others.
Next, the researchers asked participants to conduct a "social discount task" experiment.
Gaining gains or suffering losses from people who have a certain social distance will have a certain impact on the self, and this impact will decrease as the social distance with others increases.
This phenomenon is called social discounting.
Gaining gains or suffering losses from people who have a certain social distance will have a certain impact on the self, and this impact will decrease as the social distance with others increases.
This phenomenon is called social discounting.
The researchers asked participants to choose between selfish choices (only good for themselves) and generous choices (which also provide some benefits for others at a certain social distance).
The specific task is for the researchers to give participants a certain amount of money and ask them to allocate between themselves and people who have previously assessed social distancing.
Throughout the task, the researchers observed their brain activity through functional magnetic resonance imaging.
The specific task is for the researchers to give participants a certain amount of money and ask them to allocate between themselves and people who have previously assessed social distancing.
Throughout the task, the researchers observed their brain activity through functional magnetic resonance imaging.
The results of the experiment show that, first of all, at the behavioral level, the amount allocated by the participants is closely related to the “social distance” they assessed, that is, the degree of generosity decreases with social distance, but those who receive testosterone will not behave so much.
generous.
Second, at the neurological level, the researchers found differences in the activity of the brain's temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), which is the area where the parietal and temporal lobes of the brain meet, and plays a key role in prosocial and generous behaviors such as empathy.
.
generous.
Second, at the neurological level, the researchers found differences in the activity of the brain's temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), which is the area where the parietal and temporal lobes of the brain meet, and plays a key role in prosocial and generous behaviors such as empathy.
.
TPJ encodes the value recognition of this choice in the process of generous selection, and this effect is weakened by testosterone, which indicates that testosterone reduces the consideration of the welfare of others by weakening the activity of TPJ.
In addition, compared with the testosterone group, the TPJ activity of the placebo group more strongly reflects the difference in individual generosity.
Testosterone also impairs generous decision making and the connectivity between TPJ and the area extending from the insula to the striatum.
Testosterone also impairs generous decision making and the connectivity between TPJ and the area extending from the insula to the striatum.
In summary, this study provides causal evidence for the link between testosterone-mediated neurohormones and generous values.
These findings suggest that a brain network that contains both cortical and subcortical components supports the influence of testosterone on social preferences.
(Bioon.
com)
These findings suggest that a brain network that contains both cortical and subcortical components supports the influence of testosterone on social preferences.
(Bioon.
com)
