Many articles focus on the new progress of fibroblast research!

In this paper, a number of research results have been collated to jointly interpret the new progress made by scientists in the field of fibroblast research and share with you! Photo source: Brian Aguado [1] science sub Journal: transcatheter aortic valve replacement mediated myofibroblast inactivation and cardiac remodeling doi: 10.1126/scitraslmed.aav33233 In a new study, researchers from the University of Colorado at anshutz medical school and the University of Colorado at Boulder have jointly developed a biomaterial based heart tissue "simulant" to measure patients' response to aortic valve replacement, thus providing new insights into how heart tissue remoulds itself after surgery The results were published in the Journal of Science Translational Medicine Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a kind of progressive disease, which is characterized by the hardening of heart valve tissue and the obstruction of heart blood flow It is called "silent killer", affecting 12.4% of people over 75 years old If not treated, the mortality range is 2-5 years Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a method to place the artificial valve in the occluded area, which has been widely and successfully used in recent decades 【2】 Cancer discov: why is pancreatic cancer so difficult to treat? Special fibroblasts may be behind the scenes! Doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0094 pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world Most pdacs are resistant to chemotherapy, so there is no effective treatment Understanding connective tissue - the matrix that surrounds, nourishes, and even protects PDAC tumors - is key to developing effective therapies Researchers from lengquangang laboratory said that PDAC patients were diagnosed very late, so we didn't know they were ill until the last stage We can't diagnose patients early because we don't have diagnostic tools and they don't respond to drugs One obstacle to the effectiveness of drugs is fibroblasts in the matrix PDAC is rich in non malignant stromal cells, and fibroblasts are one of the most common types of stromal cells Researchers have a lot of fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer, unlike other cancers, which are mostly cancer cells These cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs) can help cancer cells to proliferate, survive and escape the detection of the immune system 【3】 Nature: it is revealed that nnmt is the main metabolic regulatory protein of cancer-related fibroblasts Doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1173-8 high grade serous carcinoma (hgsc) is a tumor type mainly originated from fallopian tube or ovary and spread in the whole abdominal cavity Hgsc is the most common and lethal form of ovarian cancer When the disease has spread, most of the patients are in advanced stage at the time of diagnosis The disease has a five-year survival rate of about 50 percent In a new study, researchers from research structures such as the University of Chicago in the United States used cancer The systematic investigation of the surrounding tissues, especially the normal cells called fibroblasts, reveals that a new therapeutic target may potentially prevent the rapid transmission and prognosis related to hgsc, and the relevant research results are published in the Nature journal Until then, scientists had focused on the tumor itself, the researchers said Everyone does But given the lack of progress in this approach and the fact that the tumor is covered by different tumors "We think it might be better to focus less on cancer and more on stroma, the supporting tissue that surrounds cancer and makes it grow; in this new study, these researchers found that stroma has an important impact on cancer cells "In this case, it makes them more malignant, more aggressive and more invasive," says Lengyel The matrix is usually larger than the cancer itself " 【4】 Nat commun: 12 subtypes of wound fibroblasts are revealed, which can help achieve scar free wound healing Doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08247-x in a new study, researchers from the University of California, Irvine and the University of Pennsylvania put forward new ideas on a key obstacle to bypass the anti scar treatment path They found that the natural scar free skin repair process relies in part on the help of circulating blood cells These results indicate the direction of developing potential therapies to achieve scar free wound healing by targeting the body's own blood cells The results were published in the journal Nature communications Skin damage can activate rapid wound repair, which often leads to scarring Unlike normal skin, scars lack hair follicles and fat cells The production of new hair and fat is essential for the regeneration of normal skin Plikus and colleagues in a paper published in the journal Science in 2017 have found that when new hair follicles and fat cells are formed during wound healing, adult mice can naturally regenerate nearly normal skin The new fat cells are regenerated from myofibroblast, which is a kind of wound fibroblast that was previously considered unable to be transformed into other cell types This discovery makes the wound fibroblasts get more attention and become an attractive target of anti scar treatment 【5】 SCI Immunol: reprogramming technology can transform fibroblasts into antigen-presenting cells doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau4292 recently, a research report published in the international journal Science immunology, a research team from Lund University in Sweden successfully reprogrammed mouse and human skin cells into immune cells called dendritic cells for the first time This process is fast and effective, which represents the pioneering contribution of direct reprogramming to induce immunity Importantly, the discovery opens up the possibility of developing a new dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for cancer Our so-called dendritic cells are sentinels of the immune system Their task is to scan our tissues for foreign particles, such as bacteria, viruses or cancer cells, and phagocytize them They then break down the particles into smaller pieces, called antigens, and present them on the surface of killer cells (T cells) in the immune system In this way, killer cells can learn about the infectious factors and cancer cells they are searching for and killing Because of these key features, dendritic cell-based strategies have been tested to treat cancer patients However, cancer can affect dendritic cells in such a way that they lose or become dysfunctional Therefore, we need to find a new way to generate dendritic cells for each patient Now, for the first time, one of Lund's teams has managed to produce dendritic cells through a process called direct reprogramming They have identified three essential proteins (PU 1, IRF8, and batf3) that are necessary to change the identity of mouse cells into dendritic cells They also confirmed that the same protein mix reprogrammed human skin derived cells into dendritic cells Source: m Salzer, IRB Barcelona cc-by [6] cell: scientists solve the problem of skin aging! Fibroblasts lose their identity or are the culprit! Doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.012 with the growth of age, the body's tissues will lose function and the ability to regenerate after being injured Recently, a research report published in the international journal Cell, scientists from Barcelona biomedical research institute and other institutions explained how skin fibroblasts age through research The researchers say these skin fibroblasts make their identity as if they forget what they are, so the activity of the cells can change, affecting the health of the body's tissues This study reveals the cellular and molecular pathways affected by aging, so that researchers can control these pathways to slow down or even reverse the aging process of skin Skin fibroblasts are very important for the production of collagen and other proteins that make up the dermis At the same time, they are also very important for protecting the function of skin barrier and repairing skin damage As the body grows older, the dermis will lose the ability to produce collagen, and its ability to repair wounds will be obviously damaged Dr Salvador Aznar benitah, researcher, said that the elderly often face these problems, because their skin does not heal normally, and their barrier function will decline, which will increase the risk of skin infection and systemic infection 【7】 Cancer dis: a new study reveals the heterogeneity of cancer-related fibroblasts or provides a new direction for the treatment of pancreatic cancer doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0710 pancreatic cancer is a kind of digestive tract cancer with high degree of malignancy, which is very difficult to diagnose and treat, 90% of which is ductal adenocarcinoma originated from glandular epithelium The response of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to conventional treatment is very poor Previous studies have shown that a small number of tumor cells are wrapped in a dense connective tissue matrix, in which cancer associated fibroblasts Fibroblast) can secrete some factors and extracellular matrix components, and participate in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chemotherapy resistance In a previous study, researchers from lengquangang laboratory identified two different cancer-related fibroblast subpopulations with muscle fiber characteristics and inflammatory characteristics, but it is still unclear why these cells have such differences and what role they play in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Recently, they have conducted more in-depth research on this issue, and published relevant research results in the international academic journal Cancer discovery 【8】 Nature subjournal: the differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells derived from teratomas, which can promote bone regeneration in vivo, is determined by the gold standard teratoma formation method Teratoma is a benign tumor consisting of three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) and a mixture of unassembled tissues So far, it is not clear whether the teratoma derived fibroblasts (TDF) can be used as the stem cells of bone regeneration in cell-mediated regenerative medicine In a new study, researchers from Korea's Koryo University isolated fibroblasts (TDF) from teratomas produced by transplanting human embryonic stem cells into immunodeficient mice These TDF cells can differentiate into osteoblasts They introduced genes encoding bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), an effective growth factor for bone formation, and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV TK) into TDF cells to produce a specific functional TDF cell line (tdfbmp2 / HSV TK), which induces bone regeneration in vivo By design, once treated with ganciclovir (GCV), these TDF cells were treated with HSV TK / G after bone regeneration was initiated