Many articles focus on the new achievements of scientists in the field of T cell research!

In this paper, I have compiled several important research results, focusing on the new achievements of scientists in the field of T cell research, and sharing them with you! Photo source: www.pixabay.com [1] NAT Immunol: identify T cell DOI against special target: 10.1038/s41590-019-0544-5 when vaccinated, or after removing allergens and microbial pathogens, the immune system is activated, and the generated T cell subsets will recognize and remove "foreign invaders" Some of these T cells are able to play an immediate role, while others develop into "memory T cells" that circulate throughout the body while protecting the host from the re emergence of invaders Now, MIT researchers have designed a method to identify T cells with specific targets Through high-throughput single cell RNA sequencing, the authors can determine the gene expression of a cell at a given time, and then reveal the unique functions of T cells In the new study, researchers used the technology to identify the specific inflammatory T cells in peanut allergy patients; the results were recently published in the journal Nature Immunology 【2】 Science Journal: new research finds out that doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay0555, the culprit of T-cell failure in cancer, although the immunocheckpoint blocking therapy has significantly changed the situation of cancer treatment and has clinical effect in cancer treatment, not all tumors respond to this immunotherapy Resistance to treatment, which occurs in a variety of cancers, largely hinders this strategy In a new study, in two different types of colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer with high microsatellite instability (MSI CRC) and colorectal cancer with microsatellite stability (MSS), which are resistant to PD-1 central therapy, respond to PD-1 blockade CRC) - T cell failure in They found that tumor infiltrating T cells failed in both types of colorectal cancer The difference is that the T-cell failure in MSS CRC is driven by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), but not in MSI CRC The relevant research results are published in the Journal of science immunology 【3】 PNAs: uncover the mystery of super centenarians' health and longevity! It turns out that cytotoxic T cells are playing a role! Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1907883116 recently, a report was published in the international journal Proceedings of the National Academy of In the Research Report on sciences, scientists from the Institute of science and chemistry of Japan and the medical school of Keio University of Japan found that there may be a large number of cytotoxic CD4 T cells in the body of super centenarians (people over 110 years old) by using single cell RNA analysis Super centenarians are a very special group of people First of all, they are very rare For example, in 2015, there were more than 61000 people over 100 years old in Japan, but only 146 people over 110 years old In addition, studies have shown that these individuals have certain immunity to various diseases such as infection and cancer in their lifetime, which may indicate that there are many diseases in their bodies It's a very powerful immune system, so researchers are very interested in explaining it 【4】 Science Journal: it is expected to treat a series of immune diseases! Inhibition of Cdk8 / 19 promotes antigen-specific effect / the transformation of memory T cells into Treg cells expressing Foxp3 doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw2707 expression of Foxp3 transcription factor regulatory T cells (Treg) play a key role in the inhibition of excessive immune response including autoimmune diseases One promising way to suppress harmful immune responses, such as autoimmune diseases and allergies, is to transform T cells that mediate diseases into immunosuppressive Treg cells In a new study, Japanese researchers screened a small molecular library based on their ability to inhibit cyclin dependent kinases Cdk8 and cdk19 and identified compounds that can promote Treg cell differentiation The relevant research results were recently published in the Journal of science immunology The researchers found that the chemical inhibition of Cdk8 and cdk19, or knockdown or knockdown of Cdk8 or cdk19 gene, can be found in the initial CD4 + T cells (Na? Foxp3 expression was induced in VE CD4 + T cell, initial CD8 + T cell, antigen activated effect / memory CD4 + T cell and antigen activated effect / memory CD8 + T cell Foxp3 is a key transcription factor controlling Treg cell function This induction is related to STAT5 activation, has nothing to do with the effect of TGF - β, and is not affected by inflammatory cytokines 【5】 Science: it is revealed that the anti-tumor function of T cells is down regulated in human cancer tissues Doi: 10.1126/sciimmune.aaw9159 in most cancer entities, the higher frequency of tumor associated neutrophil (tan) is related to the poor clinical prognosis It is important to understand the role of Tan in tumor immune microenvironment because Tan is one of the most powerful predictors of poor survival in large-scale pan cancer analysis It is speculated that the immunosuppressive MDSC (myeloid derived suppressor cell) activity of neutrophils to tumor reactive T cells leads to this result However, direct evidence of this activity in situ is lacking In a new study, researchers from Essen university hospital and Duisburg Essen University in Germany used three-dimensional single-layer light microscopy and digital image reconstruction, as well as two-dimensional and three-dimensional multi parameter immunofluorescence technology to detect Tan and tumor in the microenvironment of human head and neck cancer tissue In situ analysis of how the interaction between infiltrating lymphocytes affects til function was carried out, and the relevant research results were published in the Journal of science immunology Photo source: cc0 public domain [6] Science: V δ 1 + γ δ T cells help prevent breast cancer from producing doi: 10.1126/scitraslmed.aax9364 In a new study, researchers from the Francis Crick Institute in the UK and King's College in London found a unique type of immune cell in human breast tissue, and breast cancer patients with more of these immune cells are more likely to survive, the results of which are published in the journal Science Translational Medicine The researchers identified a specific subtype of δ T cells in breast tissue: V δ 1 + γ δ T cells, and found that this subtype of δ T cells was associated with remission in patients with triple negative breast cancer As a special kind of immune cells, δ T cells have been previously identified in human intestine and skin, but this is the first time that they have been clearly described in human breast tissue; researchers say that it is an exciting first step to confirm the existence of these special immune cells in human breast tissue We have learned in animal model studies that δ T cells may play an important role in killing tumors, but this is the first clear evidence that they may also play this role in human breast cancer This discovery opens the door for us to study new ways to deal with this devastating disease 【7】 Immunity: a new molecular mechanism of host T cell depletion: doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.013 It is difficult for the immune system of the body to resist cancer or other chronic diseases, because many immune cells that react rapidly will be "exhausted", which will lead to their ineffectiveness to the disease Researchers hope to be able to effectively block or transfer more T cells from passing through the path by in-depth study and understanding the path and inducing factors of T cell depletion; recently, 1 In a research report published in the International Journal of immunology, scientists from Perelman School of medicine and other institutions at the University of Pennsylvania describe the molecular mechanism map of the newly formed (precursor) T cell driven transformation Relevant research may help guide the current treatment and develop more powerful immunotherapy or new anti-cancer drugs This early development depends on a key transcription factor called Tcf-1, which is a special protein that can transcribe DNA into RNA and carry out inheritance of T cells in the early stage of chronic virus infection Sequencing may reveal how Tcf-1 programs T cells to fail or become effector T cells in combat This discovery is of great significance for the treatment of chronic infection and cancer 【8】 JCI: engineered T cells are expected to kill solid tumor cells doi: 10.1172/jci127590 At present, there are many kinds of therapies that can treat cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and small molecule inhibitors Chemotherapy is the most widely used cancer therapy, but this kind of therapy will attack all rapidly dividing cells in the body, and eventually will bring harmful or beneficial effects Recently, in a research report published in the International Journal of clinical investigation, scientists from Tel Aviv University in Israel found that a chemotherapy used to treat leukemia or other types of cancer can be effectively treated, which is called car (chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy can also effectively kill solid tumor cells coated with special antibodies Researcher Yaron Professor Carmi said that chemotherapy can damage all fast-growing cells, including hair follicles and cells located in the gastrointestinal tract At the same time, it can attack healthy cells of the body and cause serious side effects, including hair loss, nausea, emotional changes, pain, muscle problems and kidney problems On the other hand, immunotherapy can use the body's own immune system to find and break Bad cancer cells, engineered T cells can successfully treat blood cancer, but at present, researchers have not successfully used this method to treat solid tumors 【9】 Immunity: oncolytic virus expressing leptin promotes T cells to clear tumors, which is expected to develop a new cancer immunotherapy doi: 10.1016/j.immunity.2019.07.003 although cytotoxic T cells use many different effective ways to kill infected or cancerous cells, they usually fail to effectively clear solid tumors In some cases, T cells simply cannot enter the dense tumor tissue In other cases, T cells suffer from failure and cannot play an effective role By reducing the co-use of oxygen and nutrients in tissues, tumors greatly change their local environment, resulting in T cell metabolism deficiency and preventing these cells from functioning T cell reprogramming to increase glucose uptake or maintain mitochondrial function can enhance antitumor response In a completely different anti-tumor method, the emerging oncolytic viral therapy field uses live virus to infect and eliminate tumors, while keeping non cancer cells harmless Oncolytic viruses can accelerate tumor clearance through a variety of mechanisms, including direct lysis of infected tumor cells; stimulation of enhanced local and systemic immune responses; regulation of tumor microenvironment; and provision of secreted immune regulatory proteins encoded by viruses Several oncolytic viruses have shown promise in preclinical trials, and a treatment based on herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced melanoma.