Many articles focus on new achievements of liver cancer research!

In this paper, the small compilation of the recent scientists in the field of liver cancer research and important research results, to share with you! Picture source: hindawi.com [1] Nature: it is revealed that DNA mutation accumulation found in healthy liver can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1670-9 chronic liver disease refers to diseases including cirrhosis, fatty liver and liver cancer Since 1970, chronic liver disease in the UK has increased by 400% and become the largest cause of death among 35-49 year olds In the UK, the most common causes of chronic liver disease are excessive drinking and obesity In 2016-2017, nearly 15000 people died of liver disease in the UK The common genetic events and DNA mutation patterns related to liver cancer have been known before, but it is still unclear in what order these events occur, or why some people with chronic liver disease will develop liver cancer, while others will suffer from liver dysfunction that cannot perform normal functions In order to better understand the generation of liver disease and HCC, researchers from Sanger Research Institute of welcom foundation, Cambridge Research Institute of cancer research, Cambridge University and their partners have recorded in unprecedented detail the mutations accumulated in our DNA over time in chronic liver disease and HCC in order to better understand the generation of liver disease and HCC How does it evolve in the process of production They found that these DNA mutations exist in healthy and diseased livers, and it is the accumulation of these mutations that eventually leads to serious health problems These findings will one day make it possible to use genome data to predict the risk of liver cancer in patients with chronic liver disease in the future 【2】 Cancer Res: Why are fatty liver patients more prone to liver cancer? Doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1277 recently, in a research report published in the international journal Cancer Research, scientists from the University of Texas revealed why patients with fatty liver are more likely to suffer from liver cancer through research In this paper, researchers studied the mouse model and found that excessive fat can damage the tumor It can inhibit the function of hnf4α Dr Kristin Eckel Mahan, researcher, said that this study provides new ideas and insights for clarifying why fatty liver populations are prone to liver cancer, or it can help scientists identify fatty liver populations with higher risk of liver cancer, and also improve the screening of liver cancer patients The researchers focused on a liver cancer called HCC, which is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 【3】 ELife: a innate immune sensor molecule of the body or promising to inhibit the progression of liver cancer doi: 10.7554/elife.40396 Recently, in a research report published in the International Journal eLife, scientists from the Southwest Medical Center of the United States found that a special protein in the innate immune system of the body that reacts to intestinal microorganisms can effectively inhibit common liver cancer The development of nlrp12, a kind of innate immune receptor, may help to resist the development of HCC Nlrp12 is a member of the nod like pattern recognition receptor family, which can help to sense microorganisms and other stimuli in cells, so as to regulate the innate immune response of the body in a variety of ways This study adds evidence for more and more studies, that is, inflammation is directly related to the occurrence of liver tumors Professor Hasan Zaki, the researcher, said that nlrp12 can react to intestinal microorganisms and play a key role in inhibiting common liver cancer 【4】 Gastroenterology: new research helps to develop the best immunotherapy strategy for liver cancer doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.030 when cancer occurs, the body activates T cells to clear cancer cells Tumors form an environment that inhibits the function of T cells In this environment, tumor infiltrating T cells transport PD-1 protein to its cell surface It decreases in activity and then suffers from functional failure The immune system can destroy cancer cells, but sometimes cancer cells can adapt and mutate, so as to effectively avoid the damage of the immune system One of the mechanisms that prevent the destruction of the immune system after evolution is the functional silencing effect of T cells, namely T cell failure This process is mainly mediated by immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, Tim-3 and LAG-3 Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is the most representative drug of this kind However, understanding the biological mechanism and clinical significance of T cell failure in cancer has always been challenging In a new study, researchers from the Korean Academy of science and Technology (KAIST) and Ulsan University reported the heterogeneity and potential clinical significance of T-cell failure in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the results were published in the Journal of Gastroenterology 【5】 Nature: it is found that p38 γ is a new therapeutic target of liver cancer doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1112-8 At present, there are few therapeutic options available for liver cancer An enzyme involved in cell stress may be a new drug target for the treatment of liver cancer In a new study, Guadalupe Sabio of CNIC and his team found that p38 γ protein, one of the four types of p38 kinase, is essential for the initiation of cell division in hepatocytes This suggests that p38 γ may be a useful therapeutic target for liver cancer, "said Sabio." we are now developing inhibitors of this protein to test this cancer, and the results are published in the journal Nature The researchers say the four members of the p38 kinase family are so similar that they initially seem to have overlapping or redundant functions, "Sabio said," but because of their similarities with Silvia Osuna of the University of helona in Spain and the National Cancer in Spain The detailed analysis of their three-dimensional structure by the researchers of the research center (CNIO) shows that p38 γ in the four members is also closely similar to another protein family called CDK As we all know, these proteins are the regulators of cell division and cell cycle, and play an important role in the production of cancer Photo source: manieri et al., 2019 [6] JEM: breakthrough! Scientists explain why men are more likely to develop liver cancer at a molecular level? Doi: 10.1084/jem.20181288 recently, an International Journal of experimental In the Research Report on medicine, scientists from Spain's National Cardiovascular Research Center found that a special hormone secreted by fat cells is higher in women's bodies, which may block the canceration of liver cells in women's bodies The related research results may help explain why liver cell cancer is more common in men's groups, and may also help to develop treatments New treatment of liver cancer Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world In the United States, men are twice as likely to develop HCC as women The reason for this gender difference is a hormone called adiponectin, which is secreted by fat cells and can help control the metabolism of the organism Researcher Guadalupe Sabio explained that compared with men, the circulating adiponectin level in women is relatively high However, the key role of adiponectin in the development of HCC is still controversial in the scientific community, and further research is needed 【7】 Hepatology: a new combined immunotherapy is expected to block the progression of liver cancer doi: 10.1002/hep.30528 Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Hepatology, scientists from the University of California, Moore Cancer Research Center found that combining a synthetic dsRNA poly (cytosine C) and programmed death ligand 1 antibody (anti-PD-L1) could effectively block the progress of mouse model HCC, and promote some small cells In the mouse model, the tumor was completely relieved and remained tumor free Gene Sheng Feng, a researcher, said that liver cancer is far more complicated than we think Recently, we found that removing the standard oncogene will aggravate liver cancer, and the liver has a very special immune tolerance microenvironment That's why researchers can't effectively treat liver cancer by blocking the oncogenic signal Using a number of clinical trials around the world The checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy used in may also produce uncertain results due to adverse reactions 【8】 Ange Chem Int Ed: scientists have developed new platinum based nanoparticles that are expected to kill liver cancer cells with high efficiency doi: 10.1002/anie.201813149 recently, a research report published in the International Journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, scientists from the Federal Institute of technology in Zurich found that compared with current drugs, using platinum Nano particles are expected to kill liver cancer cells efficiently In recent years, the number of targeted cancer drugs continues to rise However, conventional chemotherapy agents still play a key role in cancer therapy, including platinum based cytotoxic agents that can attack and kill cancer cells, but these agents usually damage healthy tissues and induce serious side effects Therefore, in this study, researchers have identified a new method To help screen for more selective cancer therapies 【9】 Cell metal: rapamycin, an anti rejection drug, may be effective in the treatment of some liver cancer doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.002 In the metabolism report, scientists from the University of Pittsburgh identified a new molecular pathway in the liver by studying animal models and patient tissues The researchers pointed out that a commonly used anti rejection drug could be redirected to treat specific types of liver cancer We have found that liver cancer with β - Catenin gene mutation may be more susceptible to rapamycin, which is commonly used as an anti rejection drug in organ transplantation, which may help researchers reconsider the new use of rapamycin and use it to develop and treat liver cancer (especially drug-resistant liver cancer) ）New treatment The researchers pointed out that a series of cells around the central vein in the liver often carry high levels of mTOR protein MTOR protein, as a very important nutrition and energy sensor for cell metabolism, exists in the same cells with β - Catenin in active state 【10】 Cancer prev res: lycopene in tomatoes can reduce fatty liver, inflammation and liver cancer doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0188 in the fight against cancer, there is an amazing tool in the arsenal: the food we eat This is because some nutrients in food have been found to play a role in cancer prevention, and it is important This is because the World Cancer Research Foundation reported that 30% to 50% of cancer cases can be prevented, so the first focus is on cancer prevention Although the incidence rate of most cancers is decreasing, the increasing concern about the incidence rate and mortality rate of liver cancer is increasing in the US, partly because of the rising of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and diabetes In a new