Many articles analyze the magic "brain memory"!

In this article, I have compiled many articles to analyze the brain's magical "memory" and learn with you! Photo source: cc0 public domain [1] nature: drinking can cause epigenetic changes in brain memory center doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1700-7 recently, researchers from the Perelman School of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania published "alcohol metadata contributions to brain stone" on nature According to the article "acetylation", we found that the acetylation of brain histone by alcohol metabolites provides new methods and strategies for the treatment of alcohol abuse and prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome Many studies have shown that epigenetic regulation depends on metabolic status and involves specific metabolic factors In neurons, histone acetylation depends on the metabolite acetyl CoA, which is produced by acetate catalyzed by acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (acss2), a chromatin binding enzyme It should be noted that liver decomposition of alcohol leads to the rapid increase of acetate content in blood, so alcohol is the main source of acetate in human body Therefore, histone acetylation in neurons may be affected by acetate derived from alcohol 【2】 Apnm: "high intensity" exercise helps to improve memory of the elderly doi: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0495 dementia is a catastrophic disease affecting about 500000 people in Canada and is expected to rise sharply in the next decade Recently, researchers from McMaster University studied the effect of exercise on the brain, and found that high-intensity exercise can improve the memory of the elderly This result has a wide range of significance for dementia The relevant research results were published in the journal app lied physiology, nutrition and metabolism In the article, the researchers emphasized the importance of exercise intensity The average memory of the elderly with short-term and high-intensity exercise increased by 30%, while that of the elderly with moderate exercise did not "There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce the risk of dementia in the elderly It's only recently that we're beginning to realize the importance of lifestyle, and the lifestyle factor most likely to affect the risk of disease is physical activity, "said Jennifer heisz, associate professor and author of the article 【3】 Eneuro: brain circuit that helps memory to be generated during sleep doi: 10.1523/eneuro.0365-19.2019 recently, neuroscientists from the University of Alberta found a new mechanism that can help people build memory during deep sleep The study centers on the role of the commissural nucleus, which connects two other brain structures responsible for memory production - the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus - and may coordinate their activities during slow wave sleep The researchers said that the slow waves in sleep are beneficial to the generation of personal experience related memory, which may be due to the coordinated activities of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus We find that the conjunction core is responsible for coordinating the synchronous slow waves between the two structures This means that the structure may play a crucial role in the integration of sleep dependent events " 【4】 Science: new discovery! How are our brain memories stored during sleep? doi：10.1126/science.aay0616
Recently, scientists from the interdisciplinary research center of biology of France University have shown that the trigonometric waves generated by our brain during sleep do not become silent with the rest of the cortex Instead, they will help the formation of long-term memory by isolating a special cluster of neurons The relevant research results are published in the journal Science When we sleep, the hippocampus spontaneously activates itself by generating signals similar to when we are awake First it sends information to the cortex, which then responds The last is usually followed by a period of silence, so the brainwave is called "triangle wave" Then there's the rhythmic repetition of what's known as the "sleep spindle." These processes are the key to signal reorganization in cortex to form stable memory However, the role of trigonometry in the formation of new memory is still puzzling: why does silence interrupt the information exchange between hippocampus and cortex and the functional reorganization of cortex? 【5】 Science: how do memories form and fade? Doi: 10.1126/science.aav9199 why can you remember the names of childhood friends you haven't seen for many years, but easily forget the names of people you just met? In other words, why do some memories stay stable for decades while others disappear in minutes? Using a mouse model, Caltech researchers now determine that powerful, stable memories are encoded by neurons "teams" that activate synchronously, providing redundancy so that these memories can last for a period of time The study is important for understanding how memory might be affected after brain damage, such as stroke or Alzheimer's disease In this paper, the team developed a test to test the neural activity of rats when they learn and remember a new place In the experiment, a mouse was placed in a straight cage, about five feet long, with a white wall Unique symbols mark different locations along the wall - for example, a plus sign near the far right end and a slash near the center Sugar water (rat food) was placed at both ends of the track As the mice explored, the researchers measured the activity of specific neurons in the hippocampus, the area of the brain that makes new memories, known to encode location related information Picture source: Caltech [6] Science: brain signal regulation working memory doi: 10.1126/science.aax0758 a study published in the international journal Science found that a longer duration of a specific type of brain pattern can improve the short-term memory of rats The new study found that when an individual learns a new environment, the signals produced by brain cells (neurons) can be extended by tens of milliseconds, and more information can be captured than when they are familiar with the environment When the team artificially doubled the length of the signals involved in the related memory of the rats' best path through the maze, they found that rats with prolonged "signals" were 10-15% more likely to achieve the goal than those with control rats Our research is the first one in my field to manually manipulate the firing patterns of the internal neurons in the hippocampus "After decades of research, we finally have a thorough understanding of the mammalian brain, enough to change some of its mechanisms, so as to guide the future treatment of diseases affecting memory," the authors said 【7】 Cerebral cortex: scientists have revealed the molecular mechanism of olfactory system affecting brain memory doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhhz077 At present, researchers don't know how sensory perception in the brain affects the learning and memory process of the body Recently, an international journal was published in cerebral In the Research Report on cortex, scientists from Bohong University clarified the molecular mechanism that odor processing affects brain memory center through research Researchers found that pear cortex, an important part of smell brain, has a direct impact on information storage process in hippocampus In order to clarify the molecular mechanism of odor affecting brain memory formation, the researchers conducted artificial recognition of odor by studying the brain of induced rats In this paper, the researchers used electric pulses to stimulate the piriform cortex in the brain of rats Christina Strauch, the researcher, said that we were very surprised to see that the hippocampus directly responded to the stimulation of the piriform cortex 【8】 Science: it is the first time to reveal that the coupling ripple in the brain is the necessary DOI for memory and recall: 10.1126/science.aau8956 Now, in a new study, researchers from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Duke University in the United States have found that some areas of the brain experience high frequency oscillations of coupling ripples, which are part of the process of memory recall The related research results are published in the Journal of science, and the paper is entitled "combined ripple phenomena between the medical temporal lobe and neocortex retrieve human memory”。 In this paper, they describe their experiments with epileptics and their findings Medical scientists have learned a lot about the way memories are stored in the brain - but less about the much more complex retrieval of memories, the researchers said In this new study, the researchers are trying to learn more by studying epileptic patients who have been scheduled to receive electrophysiological M-M app ing in preparation for surgery to reduce seizures Electrophysiological mapping involves applying electrodes directly to the brain surface and measuring electrical activity 【9】 Science: to reveal an essential memory formation mechanism, the nested sequence doi: 10.1126/science.aat2952 repetition is the best memory method for neurons themselves This is what neurobiologists call sequence reactivation: during sleep, neurons in the hippocampus that are related to a task are activated in a precise sequence, which consolidates the memory of that task Sequence reactivation is the basis of long-term memory and exchange between the hippocampus and other parts of the brain These sequence reactivations occur only at rest, because they occur after the initial neuronal activity, suggesting that they "remember" the order in which they should be turned on But through which mechanism? In a new study, researchers from the French scientific research center / the French National Institutes of health and medicine / the French Academy answered this question by studying the activity sequence in the place cell of rats These positional cells are neurons in the hippocampus, which are activated by tracking the position of the rat in the moving environment When the rats moved, they opened slowly, and then very quickly during the sequence reactivation during sleep However, neurobiologists know another sequence called theta sequence When rats move, the theta sequence parallel to the slow sequence quickly reactivates the same positional cells Therefore, these θ sequences are called nested sequences 【10】 Nature Cell: discovery of Chinese and American scientists! RNA methylation modification may promote the learning and memory process of the body doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0666-1 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.010 RNA carries DNA coding instruction fragment, which can carry the production of protein to complete the work in the cell, but this process is not always simple and clear The chemical modification of DNA or RNA will not change the actual genetic status This epigenetic modification can affect many biological processes, such as immune system response, nerve cell development, many human cancers and even obesity Many of these changes are actually made by methylation Methylation is the addition of methylated groups to DNA or RNA molecules Proteins with methylated groups are called "writers", while proteins with methylated groups removed are