Ma Wan duck

Introduction: Mawang duck is distributed in Mawang Pingba and surrounding River Valley It is an excellent local duck breed, suitable for rice field and river valley feeding It has the characteristics of strong adaptability, cold tolerance, early sexual maturity, high egg production and suitable for grazing and feeding The egg is processed into "pine flower preserved egg" The egg is shaped like a Milla, with the grain like a pine needle and the yolk like a sugar heart 1 overview of origin The formation and development of Mawang duck is closely related to the local natural environment, production conditions and socio-economic factors Mawang town is 42km east of Youyang County There are mountains, flat bars and deep hills in the whole area, with the highest altitude of 1181m and the lowest altitude of 350m The East is the deep hills, while the west is the high mountains, thus forming the river valley and flat dam in the north-south direction The climate belongs to the temperate monsoon climate, with annual drop The rainfall is about 1200mm, the frost free period is 300D, the climate is mild and the rainfall is abundant, Mawang river runs through the whole territory, aquatic plants, fish, shrimp, loach and other animal feeds are very rich, the rice field has more than 30000 mu, the agricultural main production is rice, corn, sweet potato, wheat and other agricultural and sideline products, such as rice bran, chaff grain and other agricultural and sideline products are also good feeds for duck breeding, which provide abundant advantages for the survival and development of Mawang duck Quality feed The farmers in Mawang town have always had the tradition and habit of raising ducks, and have accumulated rich duck raising experience The board duck factory (now renamed as livestock and poultry processing factory) has created conditions for the processing and sales of Mawang duck products Mawang duck takes Mawang town as the center, and the surrounding Tushi Township, Yudi Township, Longtan Town, Ganxi Town, Youliang Town, Houxi Town, etc all have their distribution, and now the breeding amount is more than 500000 It is the leading breed of poultry in our county 2 The breeding history of shimawang duck is a hybrid of local wild duck and local female duck After hundreds of years of breeding, continuous purification and rejuvenation, it is a kind of egg duck variety suitable for rice field and river valley feeding Its breeding history is shown in the following figure: P: wild duck (male) × local female duck ↓ F1: Ma duck (female breeding) × wild duck (male) ↓┋ FN: Mawang Ma duck (generation selection) 3 body shape appearance 3.1 Mawang Ma duck is small in size, delicate and compact in body, light and flexible in body, moderate in head size, long and thin in neck, small in front chest, slightly raised upward, plump in back, wide in buttocks and belly, close in feathers, slightly cocked in tail, boat shaped in whole body 3.2 appearance characteristics: Mawang Ma duck is thin and small, with long and thin neck and compact feathers Its beak is mainly black, and its metatarsal web is orange red There are two kinds of male duck hair colors: one is black green, the other is light brown, the other is brown, and the two kinds of male ducks are black green The head and wing feathers of the female duck are darker, and the belly feathers are lighter, forming mottling of different depths The masses call it sparrow color, and part of the neck feathers have white feather circles According to 264 statistics, 254 ducks, accounting for 96%, including 118 dark brown ducks, accounting for 44.5%, 136 light brown ducks, accounting for 51.5%; 2 black ducks, accounting for 0.8%, 9 white ducks, accounting for 3.0% 3.3 see Table 1 for the measurement results of body size weight of 1200 adult ducks The adult male and female body weight of Mawang duck are 1.60kg and 1.57kg respectively, and the body slant length is 21.45cm and 20.31cm respectively Table 1 measurement statistics of body size and weight of Mawang duck kg / cm (omitted) 4 production performance 4.1 egg production performance Under the condition of normal feeding and management, the laying age of Mawang duck is 120 days, and the laying weight increases with the increase of age, the laying rate of 180 days is 50%, and the laying rate of spring duck is 110-120; the annual egg production of Adult Duck is 220-260, with an average of 240 + 8.12, and that of individual of high-yield duck is more than 300 The shell is mainly jade white, a few are green shell eggs (accounting for 2-3%) The color of the shell is mainly related to the variety The weight of the egg is 66.66 + 0.35g, and the ratio of egg to material is 1:2.85 during the laying period 4.2 the reproductive performance of Mawang duck is early in sexual maturity It can be produced at about 110 days at the earliest Generally, it is 120 days The age of male duck is 100 days, right and left The proportion of male and female duck is 1:25-30 Under the local feeding conditions, 3 male ducks are mated for every 100 female ducks, the fertilization rate is 95%, and the incubation rate of fertilized eggs is 90-95% There is no nesting, because the ducklings like to lead the ducklings around, which is not easy to manage, so when they are used as commercial eggs, the breeding households generally do not raise the ducklings, and the service life of breeding or laying ducks is generally 2-3 years for the ducklings and 1 year for the ducklings 4.3 the meat producing performance of Mawang duck is fine and tender, which is suitable for processing into various cooked food products However, due to the long-term stocking results, its body size is relatively small, and it has not been used for meat feeding at present, so it only uses the eliminated duck for short-term fattening The growth speed of Mawang duck is relatively low Under the condition of large group grazing, the weight of the first-born ducklings is about 40g, and the young feathers of the ducklings at the age of 70 days are long The average weight of the male duck is 1.11kg, and that of the female duck is 1.20kg, accounting for about 70% and 76.43% of the adult weight respectively The weight of the male and female ducks at the age of 120 days is 1.28kg and 1.33kg, 80% and 85% of the Adult Duck respectively The net bore rate of three-month old male duck was 63.21%, while that of female duck was 60.12% 5 The adaptive Mawang duck has a long history of breeding, and its genetic performance is relatively stable, especially its cold resistance is very strong, and its egg production is high As long as the water surface is not frozen, it can produce eggs continuously, and it has good foraging ability, and it is easy to feed Under the condition of paddy field grazing, it seldom gets sick, but under the condition of house feeding, it should do a good job of health and epidemic prevention 6 feeding management 6.1 feeding management of Ducklings (0-30 days old) The way of brooding should be adapted to local conditions The commonly used methods are Kang brooding and stove brooding The temperature of brooding was 27-30 ℃ for 1-3 days, then decreased gradually with the increase of age, and decreased to below 18 ℃ after 25 days The temperature should be controlled flexibly according to the brooding season and the healthy state of ducklings Duckling cultivation requires "early drinking water, early opening food, first drinking water and then opening food" Boiled or pickled millet or mixture can be fed until two days old After three days of age, green feed gradually increased, accounting for 20% of the concentrate, 30% after 12 days of age, and 40% after 20 days of age, 5-6 days old can be changed from "hoarding" (free feeding) to "eating" (feeding by stages) Once an hour at the beginning, once every 4 hours later, and once every 6 hours after 20 days of age, with equal time interval and feeding day and night The ducklings were exposed to water at about 3 days old, and began to rush to a shallow water basin or pool with a temperature of 10-15 ℃ to drink and frolic for about 5-8 minutes After one week, they could bathe for 10 minutes in a 5-10cm deep pool or a water arid circle After two weeks, they could bathe for about 15 minutes in a 5-10cm deep pool, once a day, and the number of times could be increased appropriately in summer The survival rate of Ma Wang duck is more than 95% 6.2 ducks (31-60 days old) can be raised at normal temperature, but there should be a transition period of 3-5 days In this stage, the feed should be mainly green and coarse feed, and the refined feed and animal feed should be added properly to meet the needs of minerals and vitamins When conditions permit, the feed can be fed with full price granular feed The shed should be windproof and rainproof, and keep dry at the same time After feeding every day, it should be put into the artificial pool of the river pond for bathing, so as to promote exercise and improve physical fitness It can be grazed and raised in the lush season Under the grazing conditions, it can promote full exercise and get the animal and plant feed it needs When it can eat well, it is not necessary to supplement the feed after grazing If the water grass and animal and plant feed are insufficient, it is necessary to supplement the feed in the evening 6.3 feeding management of the ducks (61-120 days old) the feeding management of the ducks is basically the same as that of the Chinese ducks When the ducks are raised in the shed, the feed is still mainly green and coarse feed, and the refined feed or full price granular feed is added properly; the bathing and exercise should be strengthened to make the ducks undergo the exercise of various external conditions; the shed should be kept clean and dry with good ventilation In areas where conditions permit, grazing should be the main way to make full use of natural feed, and some mixed feed should be supplemented at night according to the foraging situation One month before the opening of the mother duck, we should strengthen the feeding, improve the nutrition level by 15-20%, and gradually increase the amount of feed to promote the early production 6.4 breeding management of laying duck: Mawang duck is light in shape, easy to move and quick in action It is suitable for grazing in paddy field Every morning, the people in the production area drive the ducks into the rice field and let them eat freely The duck has strong foraging ability It will be fed at noon, overnight and lay eggs in the circle at night, and then fed again at night When frozen in winter and unable to graze, it is necessary to strengthen the supplementary feed, which is generally about 15-20kg per animal per year When raising in captivity on land, we should pay attention to the selection of high-yield individuals, and the enclosure should be close to the water source as far as possible, so as to facilitate the bathing and sports of laying ducks The egg duck and breeding duck raised in the enclosure have strict requirements on feed, comprehensive nutrition and good palatability, and the best is full price granular material In this way, the ducks can lay more eggs, lay good eggs, improve the fertilization rate and hatch strong seedlings See Table 2 for the feed ration and nutrient content of Mawang duck in each growth and production stage under the condition of house feeding table 2 for the example of Mawang duck feed formula and nutrient content table% MJ / kg (omitted) 7 development and utilization status and development direction 7.1 development and utilization status Mawang duck has high egg production and strong cold resistance The duck eggs produced are used to make pine flower preserved eggs, which are popular in towns and neighboring counties Duck down products have strong thermal insulation performance, which have not yet been raised as meat, and are only used for short-term fattening of eliminated ducks Generally, they are self breeding, small-scale feeding, low level of feeding management and poor performance of production In 1986, Beijing duck was introduced for crossbreeding improvement The crossbreeding advantage was very obvious Its body weight and egg size were significantly improved, especially the meat production performance was improved by 15% 7.2 development direction 7.2.1 on the basis of ensuring high body weight and egg production, improve intensive feeding, raise feeding management level and improve product quality 7.2.3 to improve the market competitiveness of the products, it is necessary to develop in the direction of egg large line and green shell line in breeding, and the production characters of Mawang duck are not very neat, so it is necessary to further select, purify and rejuvenate, and consolidate its excellent characters Songhua preserved eggs processed from green shell eggs are very popular among local people They can be specially bred for breeding 7.2.3 continue to carry out the breeding and conservation of Mawang duck, increase publicity and improve its popularity 8 suggestions Mawang duck is a precious local waterfowl resource variety, which has strong adaptability and stable production performance in mountainous areas However, due to waterfowl's lack of investment in production in such a poor mountainous county as Youyang, the production performance of this excellent variety is gradually deteriorating, wild cross is mixed, and the variety is mixed Due to drift, the variety is facing the danger of disappearing and extinction It is suggested that the species should be included in the protection scope of species resources to protect this waterfowl species resources.