Lymphocyte ancestors 'surfaced'

china Science Journal learned from Walter and Eliza Hall College that the agency's researchers used single-celled multi-group technology to discover a previously unknown type of immune cell. These cells are the ancestors of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, the reforests are also an important part of the body's immune system. The findings shed light on a new phase in lymphocyte development that could enrich future immune system research.
findings by Shalin Naik, Daniela Zalcenstein and colleagues provide more detail on how these key immune cells are formed, while supporting the application of single-cell multi-histology techniques to a range of other research issues. The findings were published October 19 in nature-immunology.the body's immune system consists of many cell types with different functions that are involved in or associated with immune responses, including lymphocytes, degeneration cells, macrophages, etc. For example, T-cells are key cells of the adaptive immune system of vertebrates, and T-cells can recognize antigens such as pathogen-infected cells or tumor cells, and transmit antigen signals to T-cells, directing the initiation of T-cell immune responses that "kill" cells or tumor cells infected by pathogens.
actually, all immune cells come from a single type of cell, blood stem cells. The development of different immune cell types is achieved through the branch "genealogy" of immature cells. In the early stages of immune cell development, individual cells can produce several different types of mature cells, but as development progresses, the eventual mature cells that cells can produce become more and more limited.
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are critical to targeted, specific immune responses and are closely related immune cells, which means they have a lot in common during development. "Decades of research have determined how T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes develop and the 'branch points' in their family trees, when developing cells lose the ability to develop into other types of immune cells," Naik said. Zalcenstein
, told reporters that the team had built Australia's first single-cell multi-group platform to better answer questions about how immune cells develop. Unlike the combined data of multiple cells in the study sample, the study focused on individual cells and helped to understand differences in the larger population.
" is like looking at a football team - you can get an average of a player's goals, interceptions and legs per game, but if you look at the personal statistics, you'll see that one player has scored a lot of goals and the other is responsible for most of the interceptions. Zalcenstein said.scientists have found a previously unrecognized cell type that produces T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, but not other immune cells.
"s cells appeared much earlier in lymphocyte development than we had guessed. Naik told China Science, "The previous technique was to group different immune ancestral cells, but by studying individual cells, we were able to determine a cell type. The
addition of a new "member" to the T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte linelogy and may promote research in other areas.
more detailed information on how T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes develop can help us find better ways to regenerate these cells to treat certain diseases. "We also know that many types of leukemia are caused by early-stage defects in immune cell development, so we'd like to know if these parent cells are related to leukemia. Zalcenstein
, said lymphocyte development has been studied for at least 40 years. Still, with this new approach, people know more about it.At present, with the development of high-volume sequencing technology, histological research is emerging and deepening, through sequencing and data integration research, scientists can fully and systematically understand the relationship between various factors in the fields of gene research, molecular breeding, clinical diagnosis and drug research and development.
, for example, in 2019, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in the United States used a multi-histological approach to discover new genes associated with severe peanut allergies and how they interact with other genes during allergic reactions. The paper is published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
researchers used a new multi-group approach to study the roles, relationships, and behaviors of a given molecular type at a system-wide level, identifying genes and networks of activity that can lead to the severity of a peanut allergic reaction. These methods include transcriptomics (studying gene expression in the genome) and oscic genomics (studying reversible DNA modifications that affect gene expression).
using this genome-wide approach, the researchers identified more than 300 genes and more than 200 CpG bits associated with the severity of allergic reactions (areas where DNA can be activated or inactivated by methylation). Using an integrated network to integrate the data, the team also described key interactions between gene expression, CpG bits, and the severity of the response.
multi-histological analysis can also measure and analyze a person's genome and other biometric characteristics, which is an important step towards personal health management. "Over time, by measuring factors other than the genome, including the environment, we can get a detailed description of a person's health and understand what happens when he or she transitions to a diseased state." "In short, these different types of data are valuable in managing a person's health," said Michael P. Snyder, dean of the Department of Genetics at Stanford University. Over
a four-year period, Snyder's team sequenced and longitudinated RNA transcriptomes, proteomics, metabolic groups, and the body's microbiome in 98 prediabetes, two diabetics, and seven healthy controls. They also used wearables to track each participant's activity level and skin temperature, and analyzed environmental stress.
"We found that this picture of health varies from person to person. Moreover, we usually treat patients based on their condition when they are ill. By gathering a wealth of information about a person's health at the individual level, we can identify ways to stay healthy and prevent disease. Snyder said.
" multi-group technology combines different biological data sets, such as genomics, transcription and proteomics, to compare different samples in more detail and comprehensively. This method is suitable for studying individual cells and understanding in more detail the cells that can develop into lymphocytes. Zalcenstein said.
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