Liu Shaojun: Create high-quality protein on the table

China is the world's largest aquaculture country, and the total amount of aquatic products has remained the world's first

The vigorous development of China's aquatic industry is closely related to

Liu Shaojun led the team to obtain the genetic law and reproduction law of distant hybridization of fish through the accumulation and inductive analysis of experimental data one by one, enriched the theory and technology of hybrid breeding, and added more delicious and high-quality fish varieties

The "14th Five-Year Plan" national fishery development plan clearly states that by 2025, the total output of aquatic products will reach 69 million tons, and the output value of fisheries will reach 1.

Distant crossbred breeding that is not found in textbooks

Q: In nature, due to reproductive isolation, generally 2 different fish do not cross

A: The essence of genetic breeding is to obtain a population of variants and select a useful population from it

There are more than 32,000 species of fish in nature, which is the largest group of species among vertebrates, of which freshwater fish account for about 40% and marine fish account for about 60%.

In response to the above problems, the team carried out a long-term systematic study

This study corrects the view that distant hybridization is difficult to form fertile strains, enriches the theory and technology of hybrid breeding, and is of great significance

On this basis, we have created one-step breeding techniques and multi-step breeding techniques

Classical biological techniques still have life

Q: Fine seeds are the leaders of the aquaculture

A: China began to evaluate new aquatic varieties in 1996, and by 2021, 240 new aquatic varieties such as fish, shrimp and crabs have been evaluated, of which more than half of the species are new fish varieties (121 species).

In the process of the formation of new aquatic varieties, the most important biological genetic breeding technology currently used is selective breeding technology and hybridization technology, about half of which accounts for each, and a smaller part of the development of new varieties involves female nuclear development technology and sexual reversal technology

Selective breeding techniques, hybridization techniques, and female nuclear development techniques are all very classic biological techniques, and these classic technologies support the formation

The comprehensive breeding technology formed by organically combining these classical biological technologies and molecular biological technologies can further enhance and improve these classical biological technologies

Transgenic technology and gene editing technology are also biological technologies that can produce excellent traits, and at present, there are no new aquatic varieties formed from these technologies

Various biological breeding techniques have their own unique role, there is no distinction between advanced and backward, as long as it is a technology that can produce good phenotypic traits, it should be fully utilized
.

Good seeds also need good breeding

Q: As the chief scientist of the Nansha (Nanfang) Breeding Center for Freshwater Fish, how do you view the construction of China's aquatic breeding base? How can we promote the rapid development of the aquatic seed industry and industry?

A: Breeding is based on reproduction, revealing that the reproductive laws of aquatic organisms are closely related
to the creation of new varieties.
Whether it is a mass or a characteristic aquatic organism, only by mastering the law of reproduction can we achieve the purpose of expanding the population, and can there be enough parental numbers for subsequent genetic improvement and breeding
.

At present, aquatic breeding is not limited to high yield, but also creates new varieties with excellent traits with balanced economic, social and ecological benefits, which is the main direction
of the current field of aquatic genetic breeding.
The Freshwater Fish Nansha (Nanfan) Breeding Center is a scientific and technological innovation center for breeding, breeding and promoting integrated seed industry built with a new mechanism and a new model, focusing on the creation and preservation of freshwater fish germplasm resources such as grass carp, crucian carp, bream, yellow jawfish, etc.
, and cultivating breakthrough new varieties
with excellent traits such as high efficiency, high quality, disease resistance and stress resistance.
Through the tripartite cooperation of "government + scientific research team + enterprise", it is conducive to the rapid construction
of aquatic products for breeding bases.

Good breeding also needs good breeding, and ecological breeding is one
of the most important contents of good breeding.
The first is to connect with the "earth gas", that is, to abide by the laws of
nature.
In the process of breeding, excessive hardening of cement in the breeding site should be avoided, and microorganisms in the soil should be retained
.
The second is to establish the concept of large water surface, large environmental protection and large output, and strengthen the construction
of ecological breeding bases with large-scale water surface concentration (thousands of mu).
The third is to improve the degree of mechanization and intelligence of breeding, create a whole industrial chain of good breeding and good sales, and establish an operation system
of "seed industry highland + base + farmer".
Through the linkage between the seed industry highland and the base, the mature varieties and ecological breeding mode are promoted to thousands of households, creating greater space for value-added, efficiency and income
.

China Food News (2022.
09.
13.
06 edition)

(Editor-in-charge: Wang Jiayi)