Learn from international experience to deal with fishery crisis

Introduction: crisis management is an important part of management activities, and it is more important for fisheries, a high-risk industry Summarizing the characteristics of fishery crisis management and drawing lessons from the experience of American crisis management can provide reference for the fishery administrative departments of our country to strengthen crisis awareness and establish emergency handling mechanism With the rapid spread of information and the increasing diversity of society, no matter which country or region, it will face unexpected events There is a possibility of crisis in all walks of life After SARS, there is highly pathogenic avian influenza In addition to the panic of Streptococcus suis disease, the aquatic industry must not take it lightly and prevent it in advance All levels of fishery administrative departments and all kinds of fishery enterprises and institutions should establish a sense of crisis and strengthen crisis management in order to better respond to emergencies The characteristics of fishery crisis management refer to the management activities of fishery administrative departments to prevent and deal with the crisis through monitoring, forecasting, pre control, prevention, emergency treatment, evaluation, recovery and other measures It has the following basic characteristics: first, uncertainty It refers to the uncertainty of management object, prediction, pre control and emergency plan When, where, in what form, to what scale and how much impact the crisis event has its contingency, which is the uncertainty of the crisis event as the management object Because of the uncertainty of the management object, it is difficult to accurately predict the time, place, intensity and scale of the crisis, and it is also difficult to take certain measures for the upcoming crisis events, which is the uncertainty of prediction and the uncertainty of pre control The uncertainty of emergency plan means that it is difficult for emergency plan to include all handling measures Second, urgency It refers to the characteristics of sudden outbreak and tension No matter flood, earthquake or food poisoning, although the causes are different, they all happen when people are unprepared or unprepared In the face of uncertain emergencies, the management department must start the emergency plan or take emergency measures in a short time Third, system relevance Crisis may occur in all walks of life at any time, involving a wide range of industries The crisis in a regional industry may affect all walks of life in the country and even in the world Therefore, the handling of the crisis also needs the close cooperation of all departments Fourth, harmfulness The crisis brings direct or indirect damage to the country, society and individuals, puts them in a dangerous situation, and may increase new disasters or irreparable greater losses anytime and anywhere The outbreak of SARS shows that China lacks sufficient experience in dealing with large-scale public crisis, and more importantly, it lacks a professional crisis warning and handling mechanism In this regard, the experience of the United States is worth learning American experience: the construction of public health protection network is based on the comparison between countries In terms of crisis management level alone, the crisis management system in the United States is relatively perfect This system is built on the basis of the overall governance capacity, and it includes the complete crisis response plan, efficient core coordination organization, comprehensive crisis response network and mature social response capacity in the system by means of legalization Take the health system as an example: the United States public health crisis management system, with CDC (Centers for Disease Control and prevention) as the core, has built a strong public health protection network In the event of a major public health crisis, the president has the right to decide, depending on the severity of the crisis, whether the state needs to be declared "critical" and to launch the federal emergency plan, which began in 2003 In recent years, the national disease control system of the United States has had two opportunities: one is the natural outbreak of West Nile fever, the other is anthrax caused by terrorist activities These two events give the United States an opportunity to test and improve its system for dealing with emergency medical accidents There are many forms of federal medical assistance, one of the important functions of which is to detect and give early warning in the early stage of disease outbreak To this end, in the past 50 years, the United States has improved a series of systems Health authorities in various places report the number of cases of various diseases to CDC every day, even in normal times Another function of federal medical assistance is to adjust the response in time after the outbreak of disease CDC will continuously track new cases so that the public can know the spread of the disease in time At the same time, CDC will also share research information from other organizations to fight diseases, so as to ensure that research institutions can learn from each other Although the federal emergency plan only took action after the president and the state governor issued the crisis statement, the main purpose of the CDC is health prevention, rather than responding to problems when they arise To this end, CDC adopts a large number of monitoring measures, including: national key disease monitoring system (which is responsible for reporting all cases of a series of dangerous diseases), national monitoring system for health care workers (CDC said that the system is to prevent health care workers from facing and infecting diseases in the occupation) The other two systems, the crisis ID network and the global emerging infectious disease early warning network, directly obtain information from many other major hospitals in the United States and the world to help CDC find the disease development trend Through these different protocols and measures, the CDC hopes to detect an outbreak when there are only one or two cases, rather than when the disease spreads widely
It is a high-risk industry to strengthen fishery crisis management The quality and safety of aquatic products, aquatic animal diseases, fishery environmental pollution, etc are all the crises that are easy to occur in the fishery industry Moreover, natural and man-made disasters such as floods will also have a negative impact on the fishery industry Therefore, the fishery administrative departments and fishery enterprises at all levels should pay attention to them First, we should strengthen the education of crisis management and establish the awareness of crisis prevention From the government to the society, from the organization to the individual, there are also widespread phenomena in our country, which focus on disaster relief, light monitoring and prevention, heavy crisis management, and weak awareness of crisis management American neuroscientists have done an experiment A frog feels very comfortable in a pot filled with warm water The water temperature in the pot is rising slowly He doesn't notice it He still feels warm and happy Once the temperature rises to 70-80 ℃, it feels dangerous and wants to jump out, but it's too late Because its legs had been disobeyed and could no longer jump up, it had to be boiled to death This example tells us that there is no crisis awareness and early warning mechanism, and we do not consider prevention in advance Once the situation changes suddenly, we will be unprepared or even have a more serious crisis In 2003, the Japanese government strengthened the inspection of drug residues of eel products exported to China, which hindered the export trade of eel products in China, as well as the chloromycetin incident, all of which should be paid great attention to, and take this as a reference to establish a sense of crisis Second, establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for fisheries crisis management In terms of purpose and effect, prevention of disasters and crises is more important than handling To strengthen the crisis management, the first and necessary thing is to strengthen the monitoring and prevention, that is, to attach great importance to the monitoring and prevention of fishery disaster and fishery crisis ideologically, and to establish the early warning mechanism How to monitor and prevent fishery crisis? At present, the most important thing is to establish and improve the aquaculture disease prediction system and aquatic product quality and safety inspection and detection system The main work of aquaculture disease prediction system includes: 1 Epidemiological investigation and research to provide basis for disease prevention 2 To study the pathogenic mechanism of pathogenic organisms and improve the ability of disease diagnosis and immune control of aquatic animals 3 Establish aquatic animal epidemic reporting system Collect, analyze and study disease, hydrology, geography and other data, build aquatic animal epidemic prevention and quarantine laboratories at all levels, and prevent the spread of disease caused by cross regional trade The main work of aquatic product quality and safety inspection and testing system includes: 1 Aquatic product market access inspection 2 Identification and inspection of origin of aquatic products 3 Aquatic product quality and safety assessment and inspection The second is to establish an efficient information system, closely monitor the changes of the fishery environment, collect and timely report the possible information, such as the quality inspection results of aquatic products, drug residues, etc., so that people can eat high-quality aquatic products at ease Third, establish a rapid and efficient emergency response mechanism Once disasters and crises break out, decisive measures must be taken in time to contain their development and upgrading rapidly and effectively The fishery department shall speed up the formulation of the management measures and detailed rules for the quality and safety of aquatic products and the prevention and Quarantine of aquatic animals, so as to effectively prevent and respond to such emergencies as the quality and safety accidents of aquatic products and the spread of aquatic animal epidemics Emergency measures also include psychological guidance to the public Generally speaking, after the crisis, the main reason for the huge impact on the society and the public is the uncertainty of the root cause of the crisis, and then the information is not disclosed in a timely, open and transparent manner, which causes panic Therefore, we should strengthen psychological guidance, turn negative psychology into positive psychology, and meet the public's right to know