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DNA analysis of thousands of patients' tumors by the NHS has uncovered a "treasure" of cancer causes, with genetic mutations providing each patient's personal history of damage and repair processes
In a study of its kind, a team of scientists led by Professor Serena Nick-Zanner from Cambridge University Hospitals (CUH) and the University of Cambridge analysed the complete genetic makeup or whole genome sequences of more than 12,000 NHS cancer patients
Because of the wealth of data provided by whole-genome sequencing, researchers were able to detect patterns in DNA cancer or "mutation signatures" -- providing clues to whether patients had past exposure to environmental causes of cancer such as smoking or UV light, or had internal, cell phone malfunctions
The team also discovered 58 new mutational signatures, suggesting that there are other causes of cancer that we don't fully understand yet
The research was supported by Cancer Research UK and published today in the journal Science
Lead author Dr Andrea Degasperi, Associate Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge, said: "Whole genome sequencing has given us an overall picture of all the mutations that cause cancer in every individual
Serena Nick-Zaynar, Professor of Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics at the University of Cambridge and Honorary Consultant in Clinical Genetics at CUH, said: "Identifying mutational signatures is important because they are like crime scene fingerprints - they help For identifying cancer culprits
"Thanks to samples from patients and clinicians across the UK, we were able to carry out forensic analysis of over 12,000 NHS cancer genomes
Michelle Mitchell, chief executive of Cancer Research UK, said: "This study shows how powerful whole genome sequencing tests can be at revealing how cancers may develop, how they behave and which treatment options are most effective
Professor Matt Brown, Chief Scientific Officer, Genomics England, said: "Mutational signatures are an example of how the full potential of WGS
