Lancet Glob Health: Why is breast cancer incidence increasing globally and in China?

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women 40 years old.
with advances in medical technology, breast cancer treatments have improved and survival rates have improved considerably, without having to have the entire breast removed as before.
, on the other hand, breast cancer rates are not well controlled, the incidence of breast cancer is on the rise globally, and more and more young women are suffering from breast cancer.
Recently, researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and its collaborating organizations analyzed data on breast cancer in the Global Cancer Database (GLOBOCAN database) and assessed the incidence, mortality and long-term trends of breast cancer incidence among women worldwide in 2018 and 1998-2012, and analyzed the causes of the increase in breast cancer incidence, and proposed prevention strategies and recommendations.
results were published online in The Lancet Global Health, a leading journal.
, the average age of natural menoanthing for women is 45-55 years.
age at the time of breast cancer, the researchers defined pre-50s as pre menotinal breast cancer and 50 years and later as post-menoanth breast cancer.
in pre- and post-menoanth women, breast cancer has different causes, prognosis, outcomes and effects. Dr Miranda M Fidler-Benaoudia, author of the
study and author of the study at the Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary in Canada, said: "To our knowledge, this is the first study to look at the incidence and trends of pre- and post-menomanan breast cancer worldwide, and the distinction between pre- and post-menomanan breast cancer has allowed us to see different trends, which are important for developing preventive measures and controlling the global burden of breast cancer in the future."
2018, about 2.09 million new cases of breast cancer in women, accounting for about 24% of new cancer cases in women.
of these cases, there were more cases of post-menovascular breast cancer, at 1.444 million, and pre-menoanth breast cancer was about 645,000.
19.7 per 100,000 and 152.6 per 100,000, respectively, for pre- and post-menotinal breast cancer.
Geographically, the regions with the highest age-standardized incidence of pre-menodonial breast cancer are Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand;
age-standardized incidence of post-menodonal breast cancer is highest in Australia, New Zealand, Western europe and northern Europe, while the age-standardized incidence rate in Central, South and East Africa is 350 per cent lower than in the highest regions.
human development index (HDI), the higher the level of development, the less pre-menoanth breast cancer is.
low-level HDI countries, 55.2 per cent of breast cancer cases are pre menotinal breast cancer, while in countries with very high HDI, only 20.7 per cent are pre menoanthe breast cancer cases.
, however, the age-standardized incidence of pre- and post-menovascular breast cancer is highest in countries with very high HDI levels, approximately twice as high as in low- and medium-sized HDI countries.
2018, breast cancer killed 630,000 women, accounting for about 15 percent of all cancer deaths among women, and post-menoanth breast cancer still accounted for a large proportion of deaths.
deaths from pre- and post-menoanth breast cancer were 133,000 and 494,000, respectively, and the age-standardized mortality rates were 4.1 per 100,000 and 48.9 per 100,000, respectively.
highest age-standardized mortality rates for pre- and post-menophageal adenocarcinoma in high-level HDI countries.
the highest age-standardized mortality rate for post-menoanthe breast cancer in countries with low and low HDI levels.
mortality from pre- and post-menotinal breast cancer decreased with increased HDI levels.
In particular, the mortality rate from pre menopedal breast cancer varied more than fourfold from 10.8 per cent in very high to 47.0 per cent in low-level HDI countries, and nearly three times as much as in post menoptrual breast cancer mortality ranged from 20.8 per cent to 56.2 per cent.
low-level HDI countries, 49.8 per cent of breast cancer deaths were attributed to post-menotinal breast cancer, but the proportion was higher in medium, high and very high HDI countries, at 72.0 per cent, 81.4 per cent and 90.1 per cent, respectively.
, the incidence of pre- and post-menoanth breast cancer is on the rise globally and is very different from region to region and country to country.
in high-income countries, the age-standardized incidence of breast cancer among pre-menoanthe women is on the rise, while in low-income countries in transition, the age-standardized incidence of post-menoanth breast cancer is rising rapidly.
The most significant increase in the age-standardized incidence of pre- and post-menoanth breast cancer was notable in Korea and Japan, with an average annual increase of 5.8 per cent and 3.2 per cent, respectively, and 6.1 per cent and 5.0 per cent, respectively.
the average annual growth rate of pre-menovascular and breast cancer age in China was 1.8% and 2.8%, respectively.
incidence of pre menotinal breast cancer means that more women develop breast cancer at a young age.
"When young people develop cancer, the harm to them is enormous and can have a serious impact on later life," Dr. Fidler-Benaoudia said.
researchers analyzed that an increase in the incidence of post-menovascular breast cancer may be linked to a causal lifestyle change in breast cancer.
For example, the risk of postmenomenoplasm breast cancer increases significantly with increased body mass index and abdominal obesity, while obesity rates are rising globally, with more than 15 percent of adults in most countries classified as obese, while alcohol consumption, lack of exercise and hormone replacement therapy (although the correlation is reduced) also increase the risk of breast cancer.
, the risk factors for pre menovascular breast cancer are not yet known, and the cause of the increase is uncertain.
the researchers, it is likely to be related to reproductive factors.
fewer or no children at all, and late childbearing age were associated with a lower risk of triple negative breast cancer, but associated with an increased risk of early breast cancer, especially hormone-positive tumors.
increase in the incidence of pre-menovascular breast cancer may be related to screening.
although most North American and European countries recommend breast X-rays every two years starting at age 50, some young women may be screened before that age.
recommend mammograms starting at age 40, which may also be the reason for the particularly high age-standardized incidence of breast cancer in South Korea and Japan.
, according to china's National Health And Wellness Commission issued by the "Breast Cancer Guidelines (2018 edition)," recommended that breast cancer risk groups screening in advance (less than 40 years old).
For breast cancer prevention, researchers believe that early screening, diagnosis and treatment remain key to the fight against breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries, and that breast cancer screening should be conducted in accordance with the guidelines for early detection and treatment.
in all regions of the world, prevention efforts should be stepped up to reduce known risk factors for breast cancer, such as reduced obesity and alcohol consumption, increased physical activity and breastfeeding, in order to curb the occurrence and development of breast cancer.
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