Lancet: 369 diseases, 87 risk factors Which are most associated with death and disability?

The latest issue of the Global Burden of Disease study has been published in The Lancet, a leading medical journal.
the study, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, was conducted by the Institute for Health Indicators and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington in Seattle in collaboration with 5,647 partners from 1,100 universities, research centers and government agencies around the world.
, this is one of the most comprehensive global studies, analyzing 286 causes of death, 369 diseases and injuries, and 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, according to the press release.
report has been used to guide public health policies in several countries and local jurisdictions, as well as in international agencies, including the World Bank and the World Health Organization.
year, the spread of the new crown epidemic around the world has undoubtedly had an important impact on the health of the world's population.
, however, the report also notes that inadequate global control of chronic diseases and risk factors affecting public health makes people more vulnerable to new coronavirus.
let's take a look at the main points of this report.
D disability, rather than premature death, has become a growing part of the global burden of disease, although the global average healthy life expectancy (estimated to live in good health) increased steadily from 1990 to 2019 (by a total of more than 6.5 years), the increase in healthy life expectancy in 198 of the 204 countries assessed was lower than the increase in total life expectancy, meaning that people are in unhealthy conditions for longer periods of time.
disability, rather than premature death, has become a growing part of the global burden of disease, increasing from 21 per cent of the total burden in 1990 to one third (34 per cent) in 2019.
In 11 countries, including Singapore, Iceland, Norway, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and Qatar, more than half of total health losses (years lost due to disability, illness, and premature death) are now due to noncommunicable diseases and injuries.
diseases and risk factors are the leading causes of death and inno? Six of the top 10 leading causes of health loss worldwide have affected older people, including isnemic heart disease, diabetes, stroke, chronic nephritis, lung cancer, and age-related hearing loss, according to the 10 leading causes of health loss worldwide.
, diabetes led to the highest increase in health losses, by 148 percent, from 1990 to 2019.
four other causes are common in adolescents and the elderly, including HIV infection, musculoskeletal disease, back pain, and depression.
the main factors of health loss for people of all ages are different.
in the 10-49 age group, road (traffic) injuries, headaches, HIV infections, back pain, and depression are the main problems affecting people's health.
and over 50, is isoemia heart disease, stroke, and diabetes are the main causes of health loss.
researchers point out that globally, public health systems have come a long way in treating communicable diseases, but are under-prepared for the rapid growth of noncommunicable diseases and disability.
low- and middle-income countries, the burden of disease caused by noncommunicable diseases increased from one third of the total burden of disease in 1990 to nearly two thirds of the total burden of disease in 2019.
in these countries, while the number of deaths from infectious diseases has decreased, the number of deaths from noncommunicable diseases has increased.
, rather than communicable diseases, is linked to an increase in many preventable health risk factors.
the greatest impact on health comes from the significant increase in metabolic risks the greatest risk of cumulative health effects from the significant increase in metabolic risks.
overall, metabolic risk factors (including high BMI, high blood sugar, high blood pressure and high cholesterol) accounted for 20 per cent of the world's total health losses in 2019, double the 1990 level (10.4 per cent).
are also the cause of mass deaths among the world's population, with high blood pressure accounting for one in five deaths (nearly 11 million people), high blood sugar 65 million deaths and high cholesterol 44 million deaths in 2019.
of the primary health risk factors for 1990 and 2019 (Photo Source: Reference 5) Only smoking was significantly reduced among the risk factors that primarily led to noncommunicable diseases.
efforts to implement international tobacco control policies have led to a reduction in the health impact of smoking globally by almost 10 per cent since 2010.
, co-author of the study, professor Emmanuela Gakidou of the Institute for Health Indicators and Assessment, said: "Simply providing information about the risk factor hazards is not enough.
each person's choice is influenced by a variety of factors, such as finance, education, and alternative options available.
countries around the world should work globally to help everyone adopt healthier behaviors.
from decades of experience in tobacco control, coordinated action may be necessary to use regulations, taxes, and government subsidies for risks that have a significant impact on the health of the population, such as obesity.
"The Global "Perfect Storm" of chronic diseases and associated risk factors, together with COVID-19, has killed more than 1.1 million people worldwide.
we also know that risk factors and noncommunicable diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are associated with a risk of serious coVID-19 disease and death.
Richard Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, said: "COVID-19 is a public health crisis caused by a combination of acute infectious diseases and chronic/risk factors.
noncommunicable diseases play an important role in driving COVID-19 deaths and will continue to shape the health of individual countries as the outbreak subsides.
the outbreak, countries around the world will face the challenge of rebuilding health systems, and this global study of the burden of disease has helped identify areas where different countries have the most pressing needs, allowing us to take targeted initiatives.
" Resources: Global Health: Time for radical change? Retrieved October 16, 2020, from Global Health data to drive change and improve lives. Retrieved October 16, 2020, from The Lancet: Latest global disease estimates reveal perfect storm of rising chronic diseases and public health failures fuelling COVID-19 pandemic. Retrieved October 18, 2020, from Global Burden of Disease. Retrieved October 18, 2020, from Murray et al. (2020). Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a system analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, original title: The Lancet Authoritative Report: 369 Diseases, 87 Risk Factors Which are most relevant to death and disability? Original title: The Lancet Authoritative Report: 369 Diseases, 87 Risk Factors Which are most relevant to death and disability? Follow Medicinal Mingkangde on WeChat Public No