Key points of the main epidemic prevention and control technology of pigs in autumn and winter

Autumn and winter alternate, the temperature gradually decreases, the temperature difference between day and night becomes larger, the air humidity decreases, the sunshine time is shortened, and the pathogenic microorganisms in the environment are more likely to survive
.
In the case of improper regulation of the breeding environment, poor feeding management and insufficient biosecurity measures, African swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, piglet diarrhea, etc.
have entered a period of high incidence, and farmers should strengthen the following key prevention and control measures
.

 

First, strengthen clinical inspections
.
Increase the frequency of clinical inspections, mainly to observe whether the pigs' food intake and drinking water increase or decrease; whether there is a change in breathing rate, breathing posture, coughing or sneezing; whether the body temperature is normal; whether there is discharge or pus in the eyes and nose; Whether the skin of the ears and limbs changes in color, whether there are masses, and abnormal bowel movements and urination
.
If the diseased pigs are found, the sick pigs should be immediately moved into the isolation pen, raised separately, and clinical samples should be collected for laboratory testing, and corresponding prevention and control measures
should be taken according to the diagnosis results.

 

The second is to implement precise prevention and control
.
African swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, swine flu, pseudorabies, swine infectious gastroenteritis and epidemic diarrhea are prone to occur and epidemic
in autumn and winter.
It is necessary to scientifically adopt prevention and control measures
in accordance with the characteristics of epidemics.

 

African swine fever: Continue to implement normalized prevention and control measures
.
Strengthen clinical inspections, daily patrols, monitor the clinical symptoms and body temperature changes of the herd, once it is found that pigs have lethargy, light touch, reduced feed intake, arch material not eating, fever, skin redness, joint swelling/necrosis, coughing and wheezing, abdominal breathing, fattening pigs death rate increased, sow miscarriage or stillbirth/mummy and other suspicious clinical manifestations, the first time sampling and testing
.
Regularly carry out off-site environmental sampling and testing, and monitor the pigs for pathogens and antibodies every week
.
Strengthen personnel control, personnel should not go to high-risk places such as farmers' markets, slaughterhouses (farms), harmless treatment plants and animal product trading markets 3 days before entering the market, and should strictly go through procedures
such as showering and changing clothes before entering.
In principle, foreign vehicles are not allowed to enter the farm, and the operation should be completed at a certain distance outside the pig farm; If it is necessary to enter, it is necessary to thoroughly clean, disinfect, dry, and thoroughly disinfect
the road through which the vehicle passes.
Strict control of incoming materials, classification by fumigation, disinfectant soaking, drying and other methods for disinfection
.

 

Foot-and-mouth disease: use the means of
vaccination well.
The pig farm should combine the actual situation of the farm, formulate scientific and reasonable immunization procedures, select approved vaccine products, transport and store vaccines in strict accordance with the requirements of vaccine storage conditions, and strictly follow the usage and dosage specified in the instructions for immunization
.
Immunization should be given one needle per pig to prevent the spread of the disease
by humans.
After immunization, the pig herd should be monitored for immune antibodies to ensure that the herd immunity effect is
achieved.

 

Diarrhea in piglets: There are many pathogens that cause diarrhea in piglets, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus, rotavirus and porcine D (Delta) coronavirus; Bacteria include E.
coli, Salmonella and Clostridium perfringens
.
For viral diarrhea, high-quality vaccines can be selected, scientific and reasonable immunization procedures should be formulated, and the immunization of the sow herd should be focused on improving the maternal antibody level
of the sow herd.
For various bacterial diarrhea, highly targeted sensitive drugs should be selected for prevention and treatment, and drugs should be rotated to avoid the development of drug-resistant strains; In farms with severe epidemics, vaccination can be carried out
.
Attention should be paid to keeping the pen clean, dry, well ventilated, pay attention to cold and warmth, control temperature and humidity, disinfect the farrowing area 2 times a week, 2~3 disinfectants are used alternately, the farrowing room is taken in and out, and the sows should be cleaned and disinfected
throughout the body when entering the farrowing room.

 

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: In the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome epidemic field or positive unstable field, the corresponding weak live vaccine can be selected according to the circulating strain for immunization
.
The use of live weakened vaccines should be gradually reduced or discontinued in positive stable fields; In negative farms, stock farms and breeding boar stations, the use of weakly virulent live vaccines
is discontinued.
Adhere to self-reproduction and self-support, all in and all out
.
If you need to introduce pigs and semen, you must insist on introducing them from negative farms
.
The introduction of breeding pigs should be isolated, observed, tested, and then mixed after
the virus nucleic acid test is negative.

 

Swine fever: select high-quality swine fever vaccines, formulate scientific and reasonable swine fever immunization procedures, strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of immunization effects, grasp the overall immune status of the pig herd, eliminate suspected congenital infection and immunotolerant piglets, and eliminate possible sources of
infection.

 

Pseudorabies: Effective rodent control measures are taken and rodent eradication is
carried out regularly.
Timely isolate suspected infected pigs and sick pigs, and thoroughly disinfect
the pen.
Pseudorabies vaccines include weakened vaccines, inactivated vaccines, and gene deletion vaccines, and one vaccine should be selected to prevent the mixing of
multiple vaccines.

 

Porcine parvovirus infection: Before introduction, it is necessary to know whether the introduced pigs have parvovirus infection, whether pregnant sows have clinical manifestations of reproductive disorders, and whether the sow herd has been vaccinated
.
Choose the right vaccine to immunize
sows.
In the process of pig breeding, if it is found that the sow has mummified or stillborn, it should be immediately isolated urgently, arrange a special breeder to manage the poisoned sows, piglets, etc.
, use special feeding utensils to prevent cross-infection, and carry out comprehensive and thorough cleaning and disinfection
of the pig house.
Treat
sick and dead pigs and stillbirths, feces excreted by sick pigs, feed ingested and other filth.

 

Swine infectious pleuropneumonia: reduce the feeding density of pigs, do a good job of immunization against common diseases in pig farms, improve the overall immunity level of pigs, and reduce secondary infections
of respiratory diseases.
Reduce the impact of
stressors on the herd.
Keep it clean and hygienic, remove manure and urine in time, and reduce the irritation and damage
of harmful gases to the respiratory mucosa of pigs.
Use sensitive drugs for drug prevention and treatment of pigs, and pay attention to reasonable alternating medications
.

 

Grasser disease: also known as Haemophilus parasuis.

Most of the diseases are secondary to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, porcine circovirus disease, pseudorabies, swine fever and other viral diseases, pig farms should do a good job of basic immunization according to the procedure to ensure that the pig herd is in a good immune state
all year round.
Reducing the herd density helps to reduce the spread of
germs.
Sensitive drugs can be used for prevention and care
in pigs.
Inactivated Haemophilus parasuis vaccines can be used on farms with severe disease, but the immune effect of the vaccine is sometimes not obvious
due to the large number of serotypes of Haemophilus parasuis.

 

The third is regular cleaning and disinfection
.
Disinfect the roads around the farm 2~3 times a week, and disinfect the roads and their environment in the farm once a
day.
Under the premise of safety and controllability, the farrowing room, nursery and growth and fattening house are disinfected
with pigs 2~3 times.
Pig farms that do not have water purification equipment can add disinfectants such as bleach powder or sodium hypochlorite to drinking water for disinfection, and disinfect drinking fountains or sinks regularly
.
The tools for collecting, transporting and handling sick and dead pigs shall be cleaned and disinfected
in a timely manner.
Cleaning should be done before disinfection to remove dirt so as not to affect the disinfection effect
.
When the temperature is low, the disinfection effect
can be ensured by extending the disinfection time, increasing the disinfection concentration and frequency, and using low-temperature disinfectants.

 

The fourth is to effectively prevent the cold and keep warm
.
Take cold protection measures to ensure that the temperature of the pig house is suitable and basically constant
.
Before winter, overhaul doors and windows, test boilers and plumbing systems, heaters and positive pressure heating systems, electric heating plates, incubators, insulation lamps, power lines, temperature control automatic switches, generators and other cold insulation facilities and equipment
.
The temperature of the incubator for newborn piglets should be controlled at 32~38 °C, the temperature of the nursery should be 24~27 °C, and the temperature of the barn for growth and fattening, pregnant sows and breeding boars should be 10~21 °C
.
The open pig house can be covered with double plastic film, blocking windows and excess vents, and hanging cotton curtains and grass curtains at the door to prevent cold air from entering
.
For pig houses with poor roof insulation and not conducive to the increase of temperature in the house, a temporary two-story shed can be built with plastic film, rainproof cloth, wood boards and other materials above the pig bed in the house, and infrared insulation lamps, insulation boards, heaters, etc.
can be added to increase the warming effect
.
In pig houses where coal stoves are used, the flue should be regularly maintained to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning
.
Bedding can be appropriately increased in the pig house
.

 

Fifth, pay attention to ventilation
.
While keeping warm from cold, we should pay attention to ventilation and keep the relative humidity of the air in the pig house at 65%~75%.

When using windows for ventilation, the windows on both sides should not be opened at the same time to avoid convection, excessive wind speed, and close the windows
at night.
A fan is used for ventilation, and the upper air inlet of the water curtain should not be opened too large
.
Ventilation should be preferred during the high temperature period at noon every day, followed by the feeding period
.

 

Sixth, strengthen breeding management
.
Add energy feed to the feed formula, and add complex vitamins, amino acids, complex enzyme preparations and other substances
in an appropriate amount.
In winter, one feeding can be added at night to provide clean drinking water, and clean warm water
should be provided if conditions permit.
Pay attention to the feeding of nursing piglets, let the piglets eat colostrum well, feed early before weaning, and gradually increase the feeding amount of feed; After weaning, it is not advisable to change the feed suddenly, and it is necessary to limit the feeding of high-protein, high-carbohydrate feed to increase the fiber content
in the diet.

 

China Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention

 

National Expert Committee on Animal Epidemic Prevention

 

October 11, 2022