July 31, 2020 Science Journal.

!--webeditor: "Page title" -- July 31, 2020 // --- This week with the release of a new journal of Science (July 31, 2020), what are the highlights of its research? Let the little ones come together.
images from the Journal of Science.
1.Science paper in-depth interpretation! Gene editing Daniel reveals the role of the base editor doi: 10.1126/science.abb1390 In just eight years, CRISPR-Cas9 has become the first genomic editor of choice for basic research and gene therapy.
, however, CRISPR-Cas9 has also spawned other potentially powerful DNA manipulation tools that could help repair genetic mutations that cause genetic disorders.
in a new study, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, now have one of the most promising tools--- the first detailed three-dimensional structure of the base editor ---, providing a roadmap for adjusting the base editor to make its use more flexible and controllable in patients.
the results of the study, published in the July 31, 2020 issue of The Journal of Science, are entitled "DNA capture by a CRISPR-Cas9-guided adenine base editor". "For the first time, we were able to see base editors at work," said Gavin Knott, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Berkeley,
co-author of the paper.
Today, we can not only know when it works and when it doesn't, but also design the next-generation base editor to make it better and more clinically available.
": Genomic Monitoring shows sars-CoV-2 multiple inputs in Northern California: 10.1126/science.abb9263 Researchers from a number of U.S. research institutions recently developed a method called macro genome sequencing supplemented by the addition of primer enrichment technology (Metagenomicing with Spiked Primer, MSSSPe) to quickly enrich and assemble the virus genome directly from clinical samples. in a new study
, they used this method and/or tile multiple PCR (tilmultipleingx PCR) to obtain the viral genome and conduct systematic developmental analysis from patients with COVID-19 in Northern California to better understand the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States and the nature of viral lineage in the community.
related findings were published online June 8, 2020 in the journal Science with the title "Genomic surveillance reveals multiple s. of SARS-CoV-2 into Northern California."
system development analysis showed that 36 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from California were scattered in the SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary tree, which was created by 789 viral genomes from around the world that were deposited with GISAID as of March 20, 2020.
these 36 genomes include 14 Washington State (WA1) genealogies, 10 genealogy associated with cluster outbreaks in Santa Clara County (hereinafter referred to as SCC1 genealogy), 3 cases from Solano County, 5 related to genealogy circulating in Europe and New York, and 4 related to early genealogy from Wuhan or other parts of China (including 2 patients from San Benito County, with the same viral genome).
.Science: To explore the differenceal response of A and B GPCR to G protein activation from the structure doi: 10.1126/science.aba3373; doi:10.1126/science.abc9291 in response to hypoglycemia concentrations, glucagon receptor (GCGR) --- belongs to the B-G protein conjugate receptor (GPCR) --- and beta-2 epinephrine receptor (beta 2AR) --- are a group A GP--- are activated and function through the cyclophosphate adenosine signaling pathway, thereby increasing glucose production.
the reaction dynamics of the two receptors are different.
based on structural and spectral data, Hilger et al. found that the conformation of trans membrane helix 6 in an active state was a key differentiator.
in beta 2AR, the helix shifts to its activated conformation when the agonisant binds, but in GCGR, both agonists and G protein bindings are required.
this probably explains why GCGR responds more slowly to the activation of its partner G protein than beta 2AR.
4.Science: Revealing that ANGEL2 is a deanosine doiwith with 2', 3' - cyclophosphosase activity: 10.1126/science.aba9763 metastasis RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules in cells, often obtainaned with an end of 2', 3' - cyclophosine groups.
these ringphosphate groups provide a connection point for tRNA connecting enzymes, which must be removed to recycle tRNA from the stalled ribosome.
Pinto et al. found a deadenylase that can do the job in human tissue culture cells: ANGEL2.
biochemical characterization and crystal structure analysis revealed that ANGEL2 is a 2', 3' - ring phosphatase with RNA processing and modification functions.
5.Science: Explore the development of small glial cells doi: 10.1126/science.aba5906 small glial cells are immune cells in the brain that play an important role in health and neurodegenerative diseases.
Kracht et al. conducted a single-cell analysis of human small glial gene expression and chromatin accessibility, and compared the results with those of other studies on the development of small glial cells in humans and mice.
using in situ verification, the data identified subgroups of fetal glial cells that appeared to be different from those of adult glial cells, suggesting functional differences between the developing and mature brains.
6.Science: Human-specific ARHGAP11B increases the size and folds of the neocortex of the baby's neocortex: 10.1126/science.abb2401; doi: 10.1126/science.abd1840 In the course of human evolution, gene duplication and differentiation produce a protein called RHAGAP11B, which has not been found in humans, but in other human mammals.
Heide et al. analyzed the effects of the ARHGAP111B gene expressed in fetal macaques under the control of human-specific promoters.
the gene promotes greater refinement of the neuroancestor cells and neocortex in the first few weeks of fetal growth compared to normal fetal velvet monkeys.
expression of ARHGAP11B may be one of the reasons why the human brain is more distinctive in the new cortex.
7. Science: Determining the structure of active transcription/translation expression in cells doi: 10.1126/science.abb3758 In bacteria, RNA polymerase can bind to ribosomes to form transcription-translation units called expressionomes.
a variety of models of structural data based on in vitro reconstruction analysis have been proposed to illustrate how transcribed compounds and translation complexes form interfaces.
understanding this bacterial-specific coupling mechanism provides new insights into the doctrine of the Center for Molecular Biology and may be used to develop antibiotics.
O'Reilly et al. found that the NusA protein formed an interface between the two compounds.
these authors combined low-temperature electron tomography and cross-linked mass spectrometry to build a comprehensive model of mycoplasma transcription/translation expression of pneumonia obtained entirely from intracellular data.
this method contributes to the development of intracellular structural biology.
8.Science: Explore the effects of allele-specific open chromatin doi: 10.1126/science.aay3983 genetic variation in the non-coding region of the genome may lead to disease.
However, we are only just beginning to understand the function of such mutations associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Zhang et al. studied the allele-open chromatin variant of alle-open chromatin (ASoC) using five types of neural progenitor cells produced by 20 human induced pluripotent stem cell lines.
overlap sin-to-place genomic components such as many ASoC variants and transcription factor binding sites, as well as in genome-wide association studies of neurological traits.
from experimental and computational analysis, they found single nucleotide polymorphism seromice and clarified how a schizophrenic-related variant affects neurodevelopment.
9.Science: Exploring the origins of alpine flora: 10.1126/science.abb4484 The evolution of alpine plants is greatly influenced by geological formations and climatic history.
Ding et al. documented the time, rhythm and pattern of the formation of the world's most species-rich alpine flora --- the Tibetan-Himalayan-Crossmountain mountain ---.
the region's alpine flora is older than previously thought, and their alpine flora's ancestors date back to the early Cretacet and older than any other modern alpine flora.
during the mountain-building movement and the Asian monsoon enhancement period, the diversity of alpine plant species increased rapidly, and as the most species-rich region in the region, the Transverse Mountains were the earliest explosions of the axin alpine species and played an important biogeographic role.
(bioon.com) !--/ewebeditor: !--webeditor: !-- !--."