July 2020 HIV research highlights progress.

!--webeditor:page title"--29 July 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- --- human immunodeficiency virus (humandeficiency virus, HIV), or AIDS (AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) virus, a virus that causes defects in the human immune system.
1983, HIV was first discovered in the United States.
it is a slow virus that infects the cells of the human immune system, a type of retrovirus.
HIV by destroying the body's T lymphocytes, which in turn block the cellular and body fluid immune processes, leading to the paralysis of the immune system, resulting in the spread of various diseases in the human body, eventually leading to AIDS.
because of the rapid variation of HIV, it is difficult to produce a specific vaccine, so far there is no effective treatment, to human health is a great threat.
Since the 1980s, the AIDS epidemic has claimed more than 34 million lives.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 36.9 million people worldwide were infected with HIV in 2017, of whom only 59 percent received antiretroviral therapy (ART).
HIV remains one of the world's largest public health challenges to date, there is an urgent need to delve into the function of HIV to help researchers develop new treatments that can effectively combat the disease.
to prevent the virus from replicating in large numbers to damage the immune system, people living with HIV need to take ART every day or even for life.
although taking ART has been shown to be effective in suppressing the onset of AIDS, these drugs are expensive, time-consuming and have serious side effects.
people urgently need to find a cure for HIV infection.
coming to July, what are the major HIV research or discoveries? The editor combed through the news on HIV research reported this month for everyone to read.
1.Cell Sub-journal: Using ground-breaking iPALM technology to reveal the dynamic changes of the Gag protein lattice of HIV virus: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.023 Now, in a new study, researchers from the University of Utah in the United States have pioneered an impressive resolution of real-time imaging of virus-like particles at room temperature.
this method reveals that the protein lattices, which make up the main structural components of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are dynamically changing.
diffusion lattice, made up of Gag and GagPol proteins, has long been considered completely static, so the new findings could help develop potential new treatments.
related findings were recently published in the journal Biophysical Journal, with the title "Dynamics of the HIV Gaattice By The Matter Ofta Lyse and Time-Lapse iPALM".
images from Biophysical Journal, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.023.
when HIV particles sprout from infected cells, the virus experiences a lag time before it becomes an infectious virus.
as an enzyme embedded in the GagPol protein in semi-molecular form, the protease must bind to other similar molecules in a process called dipolymerization.
this triggers the virus to mature, leading to the production of infectious particles.
no one knows how these semi-protease molecules find each other and dipolymer it, but this may be related to the rearrangement of lattices formed by Gag and GagPol proteins, after all, the Gag and GagPol proteins are inside the virus envelope.
Gag is a major structural protein that has been shown to be sufficient to assemble viral-like particles.
Gag molecules form a hexagonal lattice structure that is interwoven with itself and contains tiny gaps in the middle.
this new method shows that the Gag protein lattice is not static. "This approach is one step ahead of the use of microscopes that traditionally provide only static information," said Ipsita Saha, a graduate research assistant in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Utah who
the paper's lead author and a graduate research assistant in the Department of Physics and Astronomy.
In addition to the new microscope methods, we also used mathematical models and biochemical experiments to verify the dynamic changes of these lattices.
In addition to viruses, one of the main significances of this approach is that you can observe how molecules move through cells.
you can use it to study any biomedical structure.
"2.J Phys Chem Lett: Revealing base flipping events in RNA viruses such as HIV helps develop new viral treatments: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01390 In a new study, researchers at the University of New Hampshire in the United States have found new ways to disengage inhibitors from the virus in RNA viruses.
findings could help understand how these inhibitors react and could help develop a new generation of drugs to treat high-mortality viruses such as HIV-1, Zika, Ebola and the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19.
related findings were recently published in the journal Of Physical Chemist Letters, entitled "Ligand Recognition in Viral RNA Rare Conformation Necessit Transitions".
in the new study, the researchers specialized in studying an RNA fragment of the HIV-1 virus and its interactions with ligands/inhibitors, a complex compound known to interfere with the virus replication process.
using computer modeling, they found new ways for inhibitors to detach from viral RNA in several rare events that unexpectedly showed coordinated movement in many parts of the binding pocket, which consist of RNA bases.
the researchers focused on structural components from the HIV-1 RNA genome because they are considered a good model for studying the same processes in various RNA viruses.
they simulate the structures and conformations that are rare in the binding/disengagement process at the molecular level, which are often difficult to observe using experimental methods in the laboratory.
!--/ewebeditor: !--:page:title"--3.Nature sub-journal: HIV itself is not a risk factor for tooth decay in children: 10.1038/s41598/020-67487-4 Recent research suggests that HIV infection increases the risk of tooth decay, but in a new study, researchers in the United States have found evidence that tooth decay is not from the disease.
the results of the study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, are entitled "Immune status, and not HIV infection or exposure, drives the development of the oral microbiota".
images from Scientific Reports, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67487-4.
the paper's author, Dr. Modupe Coker, a professor in the Department of Oral Biology at Rutgers University's School of Dentistry, studied the association between tooth decay and HIV, including a high proportion of children infected in the womb.
Coker and his team sampled a total of three groups of nearly 300 children: HIV-positive and HIV-positive children whose mothers have been HIV-positive since birth;
using blood samples, Coker measured levels of white blood cells, which indicate immunity strength.
she found that immune levels in HIV-positive children were normal, often due to successful antiviral treatment, and that their tooth decay rates were low.
HIV-negative children with weakened immune systems, whether due to malaria or other underlying diseases, are more likely to have tooth decay.
4. News of an experimental treatment or promising successful cure for HIV infection Source: Doctors test treatment may have rid man of HIV, a Brazilian man infected with AIDS has not developed any symptoms of the disease for more than a year after receiving a high-intensity experimental drug therapy designed to remove latent virus escants in his body; researchers say the case needs to be independently verified and it may be premature to speculate on a possible treatment. Monica Gandhi, a researcher at the University of
, said the study was an exciting study, but it was only a preliminary study, and it happened in only one person, and it didn't work in four other people who received the same treatment; researcher Steven Deeks said it wasn't a cure, but it was an interesting case that merited more in-depth research; at an AIDS conference, researchers described the case at a conference. It also revealed a major development in injecting an experimental drug every two months to help prevent uninfected gay men from contracting HIV from being infected with HIV, and thousands of people are now taking Truvada to prevent HIV infection, a drug that offers individuals a new option as a temporary vaccine.
If the Brazilian man's case is confirmed, it could be the first time HIV has been eliminated in adults without a bone marrow or stem cell transplant, and the researchers want to know if the patient's disease remission will continue and whether more tests will be performed on the combination of drugs he receives.
HIV cure may be the result many patients want, the 35-year-old told The Associated Press, speaking on condition of anonymity, this is the second gift of life and the second chance to survive.
5. New research reveals the multiple health risks faced by people living with HIV! From the largest AIDS comorbidities study in history! Doi: 10.1093/infdis/jia245Journal of Infectious Diseases recently published a series of articles on the impact of heart disease and other severe comorbidities on the aging global population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its incidence in them, including important data from the world's largest cardiovascular disease study for HIV patients.
this information comes from an ongoing study funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) called RePRIEve (Random Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV), in which MGH plays a key coordinating role.
this information helps to further understand the risks of cardiovascular disease, chronic liver and kidney disease, physical dysfunction and vulnerability, premature reproductive aging, cancer, and obesity among PEOPLE living with HIV around the world. "Today, nearly half of all people living with HIV are over 50, "
.
health care providers have shifted their focus from using antiretroviral drugs to providing the best care for patients with secondary cocombination to significantly increase their life expectancy over the past 20 years.
", said Steven Grinspoon, co-co-coordinator of REPRIEVE and a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.
"Initial baseline data from REPRIEVE will help doctors and researchers better understand the effects of HIV on the body as a whole, and ultimately develop more effective prevention, treatment strategies and guidelines for cardiovascular risk management in this population."
secondary comorbidities are becoming the latest frontier in HIV research in a very real way.
"6.Science: Is the third cure of AIDS in history really emerged? doi:10.1126/science.abd6947 A 36-year-old man in Brazil appears to have cleared of HIV infection, making him a proof of the principle of a new drug that removes HIV from all host cells in the body.
after receiving a combination of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and nicotine (vitamin B3) that were particularly effective, the man stopped all HIV treatment in March 2019 and, surprisingly, the virus did not rebound in his blood.
to protect his privacy, he is known as the Patient of Sao Paulo.
scan of HIV-infected T-cells, pictured from NIAID.
Dr. Steven Deeks, an HIV/AIDS clinician at the University of California, San Francisco, said the patient's experience was "extraordinary" and that he was not involved in the study.
but he and others, including the study's leaders, caution that the success is not long enough and unclear enough to label it a cure. most hiv
are suppressed with antiretroviral drugs.