July 10, 2020 Science Journal.

!-- webeditor:page title"--/--- has another new journal of Science (July 10, 2020) released this weekLet the little ones come togetherPhoto from the Journal of Science1.Science: During the occurrence of embryos, intercellular contact regions determine the fate of the cell doi: 10.1126/science.aar5663 as a class of marine invertebrates, sea otters (Ascidians) show an extreme form of embryo repeatability: homologous cells can be found in a single embryo, and early embryonic spectral lines are considered unchangedThe geometry of embryos is conservative even among species that diverged 400 million years ago, although their genomes are very differentDue to the evolutionary conservatism of early embryonic development and the ability to cushion genetic dissocability, sea otters have become an attractive model system for studying cell repeatability mechanismsIn a new study, researchers from France, the United States and Germany first created a high-resolution map of embryonic cell lineage, cell shape and cell interactions to quantify embryo reproducibility of Phallusia mammillataThey used a multi-view photomicroscope to image 10 live embryos every 2 minutes until the end of the neurula stageThe findings were published in the July 10, 2020 issue of The Journal of Science with the title "Contact area-dependent cell communication and the morph insageis"To systematically measure the development almost a range of cellular time and space characteristics, they developed a powerful, scalable adaptive segmentation and tracking embryonic cell program (ASTEC), which is compatible with high-throughput multi-view photochip imaging data setsThey associate these characteristics with cell fate decisions, which are mainly controlled by differential sister cells in sea ottersInspired by previous research --- show that the contact regions of signal cells control the nerve-induced --- of the sea otters, they have integrated their geometric descriptions with the signal gene expression mapThis integration allows them to test the hypothesis that contact area-dependent cellular communications limit the geometry of the embryoThe researchers found that, up to the neural embryo, Phallusia mammillata embryos developed without cell growth, procedural cell death, or adjacent cell exchangeIn addition to cell location, cell cycle duration, and cell lineage, they also observed a high degree of reproducibility of cell arrangementIn all 10 embryos studied, 75% of the cells shared at least 80% of the adjacent cellsIn addition, the contact area between homologous cells varies by less than 20% in different embryos In terms of mechanisms, they found a strong link between cell arrangement control and asymmetric cell division, in which asymmetric cell division produces sister cells with different fates 2 Science: Quantifying the impact of different interventions on the number of CASES OF COVID-19 doi: 10.1126/science.abb789 In a new study, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization in Germany and the University of G?ttingen have now successfully analysed the number of CASES OF COVID-19 in Germany related to past containment measures and will present the situation in the coming weeks Their computer models can also provide new insights into the effectiveness of interventions in other countries The findings were published online May 15, 2020 in the journal Science, under the title "Inferring change points in the spread of THE COVID-19 reveals the effectiveness of the interventions" For now, many are watching to see how interventions to contain the outbreak have worked in recent weeks and how things will evolve in the coming weeks Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization have been studying these issues They have been simulating the outbreak of the new crown virus in Germany since mid-March, along with scientists at the University of G?ttingen In their model calculations, the researchers linked the gradual increase in restrictions on public life in March to the development of COVID-19 cases In particular, they studied the impact of three sets of interventions in March: the cancellation of large public events around 8 March, the closure of educational institutions and many shops on 16 March, and the widespread ban on contact on 22 March To this end, the researchers combined the time process data for new COVID-19 infections with epidemiological dynamics models to analyze the development of the outbreak to date and study future scenarios According to computer models, the containment package initially slowed the spread of COVID-19 and ultimately stopped the dreaded exponential growth "Our analysis clearly shows the effectiveness of interventions that ultimately lead to strong trend reversals," said Viola Priesemann, author of the paper and head of the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Therefore, our model calculations show us the overall impact of changes in people's behavior that are closely related to interventions 3.Science: Only 4.4% of people in France are infected with THE SARS-CoV-2 virus, well below the level required for group immunity: 10.1126/science.abc3517 In a new study, researchers from France, the United Kingdom and the United States found that only 4.4% of people in France were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, far less than the proportion required for group iimmune The findings were published online May 13, 2020 in the journal Science, under the title "Estimating the burden of SARS-CoV-2 in France" In this paper, they describe their study of French hospital and monitoring data and the resulting findings !--/ewebeditor:!--webeditor:page title" - As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world, many countries have begun to work to resolve the issue of when to relax the embargo restrictions imposed to slow the spread of COVID-19 Such restrictions are designed to "flatten the growth curve" of the outbreak to prevent hospitals and other medical facilities from overworked But such restrictions have led to economic problems -- business failures, layoffs and slower sales -- that have plunged many countries into recession As medical experts warn that vaccines and even drugs to treat the disease could take a year or more, world leaders are under pressure to lift restrictions now, and many have softened their stance On May 11th France lifted many restrictions to allow people to return to work, despite new rules such as social distance As countries, including France, began to lift restrictions, medical scientists began to voice their voices about the problems that could arise if they were to be lifted too quickly They point out that in the absence of a vaccine, the only way out of a pandemic is through mass immunity, where enough people carry antibodies and the virus destroys itself (assuming that the person carrying the antibody is indeed immune) Most scientists agree that when about 65 to 75 percent of the population is infected, it is a mass immunity In the new study, the researchers found that France is still far from group immunity, so as restrictions are relaxed, they are likely to face a second wave of infection 4.Science Breakthrough! Development of brain organ doi, which can predict the permeability potential of drugs: 10.1126/science.aaz5626; doi:10.1126/science.abd0269 people's brains are bathed in a supportive fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides nutrients and is necessary for the brain to function properly Due to the lack of experimental means, little is known about the composition of human cerebrospinal fluid and how it is formed The Madeline Lancaster team at the LMB Cell Biology Division at the MRC Molecular Biology Laboratory at the University of Cambridge has now developed a new brain-like device that produces cerebrospinal fluid and has the potential to predict whether the drug can enter the brain Cerebral hydrospinal fluid is produced and secreted by a clump of veins (ChP) deep in the brain ChP also filters the blood as a barrier to prevent most substances transported in the blood from entering the brain, while selectively allowing certain small molecules to enter To study the development and function of human ChP, including how cerebrospinal fluid is formed, Madeline's team developed a new organ-like model of the tissue The team found that the liquid contained known biomarkers of cerebrospinal fluid, and they were able to observe changes in cerebrospinal fluid composition over time and the different cell types that cause dynamic changes in the composition of cerebrospinal fluid Importantly, they found a previously unrecognized cell type in ChP: myocutancortex cells These cells may be responsible for producing important mechanical forces related to CSF secretion ChP-like organs have also been found to form a tight barrier that shows the same selectivity towards small molecules, just like ChP seen in the brain For example, they block the entry of the small molecule dopamine, but allow the transport of its precursor L-Dopa This proves the accuracy of the model about the tissue it represents, which means that ChP-type organs can predict the permeability of new drugs To prove this, the team studied a drug that recently failed in Phase I clinical trials-- BIA-10-2474, and reported that organ-like organs can predict that the drug will accumulate inappropriately and lead to neurotoxicity 5.Science breakthrough! Exercise causes the liver to produce anti-aging proteins! The blood of the individual who moves can make the brain younger! doi: 10.1126/science.aaw2622; doi: 10.1126/science.abc8830 Is well known that exercise can make your mind sharper: exercisers and mice perform better on cognitive tests, and older people who exercise regularly have a lower risk of developing dementia Now, in a stunning discovery, researchers report that the blood of regular lying mice can activate the brains of sedentary mice The results of the study, recently published in The Science, are entitled "Blood factors transfer sie effects of exercise on ongenes neurois and cognition to the aged brain" This effect can be traced back to a special liver protein in the blood that provides an old or weak drug for those who rarely leave a chair or bed, which allows the brain to benefit from exercise "Does your brain think you're exercising just because of something in your blood?" Saul Villeda, an aging researcher at the University of California, San Francisco ,who led the rodent study, asked The study, based on studies by Villeda's and other laboratories, showed that the blood of young mice could rejuvenate the brains and muscles of older mice Some research groups claim to have found special proteins that explain the benefits of this "young blood" Alana Horowitz, a graduate student in the Villeda team, and Xuelai Fan, a postdoctoral fellow, wondered whether exercise -- not just young bodies -- could bring similar benefits through blood 6.Science: The development of a specific subtype of mbara cobra toxin MT7doi: 10.1126/science.aax2517 for specific subtypes in the G protein conjugate receptor (GPCR) family is a major challenge Maeda et al studied the specific basis of a serpentine toxin binding to the venomous acetylcholine receptor (MAChR), in which maChR mediates many functions of the central and parasympathetic nervous systems They structurally reveal why the toxin MT7 in the Mamba Cobra venom is specific to the receptor M1AChR and explainhow it inhibits downstream signal conduction Based on this structure, they remodeled the MT7 Make another receptor M2AChR instead of M1ChR selective This toxin may provide a promising stent for the development of specific GPCR regulators !--/ewebeditor:!--webeditor: !--webeditor: page title"--7.Two science articles reveal the bat's cognitive map-based navigation doi: 10.1126/science.aax6904; The existence of the cognitive map (cognitive map) is critical to our ability to navigate within known areas because it helps us derive new routes using spatial knowledge because of the existence of doi:10.1126/science.abd1213 cognitive map However, the existence of cognitive maps in non-human animals has been debated, mainly because it is difficult to prove the defining components of cognitive maps outside the laboratory In two studies of Egyptian fruit bats, Harten et al and Toledo et al have shown that the species's navigation strategies meet the requirements of using its environmental cognitive maps, confirming that this skill exists in non-human animals 8.Science: Changes in phytoplankton concentrations have contributed to an increase in primary production in the Arctic Ocean: 10.1126/science.aay8380; doi: 10.1126/science.abd1231 Has been increasing in number of phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean in recent decades as the Arctic Ocean has warmed and sea ice has disappeared The reason for this increase is the expansion of open water area and the extension of the growing season, at least until now