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Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered a multifactorial disease involving genetic susceptibility and environmental factors
It is inversely related to Parkinson's disease
Mendelian randomization (MR) is an instrumental variable analysis that uses exposure-related genetic variants as a tool to estimate its causal relationship with disease
However, the MR analysis of the elderly population may be biased due to survival bias.
They used the inverse variance weighting method to calculate the probability of PD (ORIVW) and 95% confidence interval (CI)
They found that there was a significant reverse association between initiation of smoking and PD (for every 1 percentage point increase in the prevalence of previous smoking, ORIVW=0.
Participants ≤67 years of age had similar associations with cases ≤7 years
In reverse MR, the heredity of PD has nothing to do with smoking or drinking coffee, but it is positively related to drinking
The findings support the inverse association between smoking and PD, which is not explained by inverse causality, confounding factors, survival or morbidity bias
This is not explained by reverse causality, confounding factors, survival or morbidity bias
Mendelian Randomisation Study of Smoking, Alcohol, and Coffee Drinking in Relation to Parkinson's Disease.
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