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Rasmussen 's encephalitis ( RE ) is a chronic neurological disease of unknown etiology seen in children [1], with an average age of onset of 6 years
Rasmussen's encephalitis RE is extremely rare , and there is currently no effective treatment for the disease, and hemisphereectomy is the only way to relieve seizures and improve cognition
The theory of viral infection so far, the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease have not been fully elucidated
On March 26, 2022, Professor Jing Jing's team from the School of Basic Medicine of Capital Medical University and Professor Luan Guoming's team from Sanbo Brain Hospital published a paper entitled "Rasmussen's encephalitis is characterized by relatively lower production of IFN- The research paper, β and activated cytotoxic T cell upon herpes viruses infection”, proposed that the insufficient local antiviral innate immune response in the brain after herpes virus infection may be an important cause of the development of RE: when a herpes virus infection occurs, RE.
Herpes virus (human herpes virus, HHVs) is a kind of enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, HHVs pathogenic to humans include herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2), varicella zoster Virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
Of particular note is that most viruses in this family are neurotropic and can cause central nervous system infections
Temporal lobe epilepsy TLE TBI HHVs infection may be involved in the disease progression of RE
Figure 1 Distribution of herpes virus in brain tissue of RE patients (Source: Wang et al.
To explore the molecular mechanism of HHV infection-induced RE encephalitis, the authors analyzed CD8+ T cell infiltration and the expression of related effector molecules in brain tissue samples
Although both TLE and RE cases were infected with HHVs, CD8+ T cells in TLE cases were quiescent, whereas CD8+ T cells in RE cases were activated and released GZMB into HHVs-infected cells, resulting in neuronal damage
Figure 2 Expression of CD+8 T cells in brain tissue of RE patients (Source: Wang et al.
In order to further explore the mechanism of CD8+ T cell activation when the brain tissue of RE patients was infected with HHV, the authors first detected the expression of inflammatory factors in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of RE and TLE patients
When RE cases face HHVs infection, the innate immune signaling pathway is difficult to be fully activated, so sufficient IFN-β cannot be produced to control viral infection
Figure 3 Expression of IFN-β in brain tissue of RE patients (Source: Wang et al.
Original link :
Original linkWang Yisong, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Liu Dong, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Wang Xin, Peking University International Hospital, are the co-first authors of the paper, Associate Professor Wang Peigang, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Luan, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University Professor Guo Ming and Professor Jing Jing from the School of Basic Medicine of Capital Medical University are the co-corresponding authors of the paper
Corresponding authors Professor Jing Jing (left), Professor Luan Guoming (middle), and Associate Professor Wang Peigang (right)
About the Author
An Jing, professor and doctoral supervisor, is currently the deputy director of the Department of Pathogen Biology and the director of the Microbiology Teaching and Research Section, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University
Luan Guoming, Neurosurgery Expert, Professor, Chief Physician, Doctoral Supervisor, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University; Head of the Third Department, Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University; Vice President and Executive Director of China Anti-epilepsy Association; Neurosurgery of Chinese Medical Doctor Association Chairman of the Regulation Professional Committee; Chairman of the China Branch of the World Neuromodulation Society; Director of the Epilepsy Research Institute of the Beijing Institute of Major Brain Diseases
Wang Peigang, associate professor and master tutor of the Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University
.
The main research direction is the molecular mechanism of mosquito-borne virus-host interaction, and the relationship between herpes virus infection and major brain diseases
.
Published more than ten papers as the corresponding author
.
Currently undertaking 2 general projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
.
references
[1] Rasmussen T, Olszewski J, Lloydsmith D.
Focal seizures due to chronic localized encephalitis [J].
Neurology, 1958, 8(6): 435-445.
[2] Varadkar S, Bien CG, Kruse CA, Jensen FE, Bauer J, Pardo CA, Vincent A, Mathern GW, Cross J H.
Rasmussen's encephalitis: clinical features, pathobiology, and treatment advances [J].
Lancet Neurol, 2014 , 13(2): 195-205.
[3]Guan Y, Chen S, Liu C, Du X, Zhang Y, Chen S, Wang J, Li T, Luan G.
Timing and type of hemispherectomy for Rasmussen's encephalitis: Analysis of 45 patients [J].
Epilepsy Res, 2017, 132(109-115.
[4] Wang DD, Benkli B, Auguste KI, Garcia PA, Sullivan J, Barkovich AJ, Chang EF, Tihan T.
Unilateral holohemispheric central nervous system lesions associated with medically refractory epilepsy in the pediatric population: a retrospective series of hemimegalencephaly and Rasmussen's encephalitis [J].
J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2014, 14(6): 573-584.
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