Inventory of the Weapons to Fight the New Corona Virus

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From the outbreak of the new crown epidemic in 2019 to the present, a number of new crown vaccines, new crown preventive drugs and new crown treatment drugs have been approved around the world
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Among them, the approved new crown vaccines include inactivated vaccines, adenovirus vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, mRNA vaccines and DNA vaccines, and therapeutic drugs include chemical drugs, antibodies and Chinese patent medicines

FDA-approved new crown weapons

FDA-approved new crown weapons

Up to now, the FDA has approved at least 3 new crown vaccines (2 mRNA vaccines and 1 adenovirus vaccine), 1 pre-exposure prophylaxis drug and 9 new crown treatment drugs
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Among them, Evusheld is a long-acting neutralizing antibody combination therapy jointly developed by AstraZeneca and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, consisting of two neutralizing antibodies tixagevimab and cilgavimab that bind to different epitopes of the new coronavirus spike protein, December 2021 FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in selected adults and adolescents (age ≥ 12 years, weight ≥ 40 kg), and is currently the only authorization in the United States Pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19

Actemra/RoActemra is the world's first humanized monoclonal antibody drug targeting IL-6 receptor (IL-6R).
Approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), giant cell arteritis (GCA), cytokine release complex Symptoms (CRS), Castleman disease, Takayasu arteritis, and systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease
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In June 2021, Actemra/RoActemra intravenous formulation received FDA Emergency Use Authorization for the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients receiving systemic corticosteroids requiring supplemental oxygen/non-invasive or invasive ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Adult and pediatric patients (2 years and older)

● Sotrovimab is a neutralizing antibody developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Vir Biotechnology
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Sotrovimab is able to bind to an epitope shared by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 (the viruses that cause SARS) that is highly conserved, which may make the development of resistance more difficult

● REGEN-COV was invented by Regeneron and cooperated with Roche to develop an antibody cocktail therapy, which consists of two mAbs, casirivimab and imdevimab, which respectively target the spikes of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) 2 independent, non-overlapping sites in the receptor-binding region of the protein (S protein) that act synergistically to reduce the risk of viral mutation escape and protect the population from viral variants with mutated S protein
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Preclinical data demonstrate that casirivimab and imdevimab retain neutralizing activity against key emerging variants

● Olumiant's active pharmaceutical ingredient is baricitinib, an oral once-daily selective, reversible JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor developed for the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
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In November 2020, the drug was granted emergency use authorization by the FDA, in combination with Veklury (remdesivir, remdesivir), for suspected or laboratory-confirmed novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), requiring supplemental oxygen/non-invasive or with Invasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), hospitalized adult and pediatric patients aged ≥2 years

● Paxlovid and Molnupiravir are both oral Covid-19 drugs, of which Paxlovid received emergency use authorization from the FDA on December 22, 2021 for the treatment of adults and children 12 years and older (weight at least 40 kg or more) with mild to moderate Covid-19 disease 88 pounds), and people at higher risk for severe illness, became the first FDA-authorized oral treatment for the new coronavirus
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Molnupiravir was granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the FDA on December 23, 2021, for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate, positive direct SARS-CoV-2 virus test results with potential risk of severe illness, including hospitalization or death Factors in adult patients who do not have access to or are not clinically suitable for other FDA-approved alternative treatment options for COVID-19

● Bamlanivimab, a potent, neutralizing IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, was developed to prevent the virus from attaching to and entering human cells, thereby neutralizing the virus, potentially preventing and treating COVID-19 19.
In November 2020, it was granted emergency use authorization by the FDA for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 patients aged 12 years and older with a high risk of progression to severe disease or hospitalization
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However, in April 2021, the FDA revoked the EUA because an analysis found that when a single drug is used in a SARS-CoV-2 mutant virus, drug resistance will develop, and the FDA believes that the potential risks of continuing to use the drug will outweigh the benefits

NMPA-approved Covid-19 weapons

NMPA-approved Covid-19 weapons

Up to now, according to incomplete statistics, China's NMPA has approved at least 7 vaccines, 6 traditional Chinese medicines and 1 neutralizing antibody, as shown in the table below
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Among them, the approved new crown vaccines include inactivated vaccines, adenovirus vaccines and recombinant protein vaccines
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Among them, BRII-196/BRII-198 of Tengsheng Biopharmaceuticals is the first novel coronavirus specific drug approved in China, and the therapy has been submitted to the FDA for emergency use authorization in October 2021
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In addition, it is worth mentioning that, in addition to the above-mentioned approved types of new crown vaccines, India has also approved a new DNA vaccine, ZyCoV-D
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Developed by the Indian pharmaceutical company Zydus Cadila, the vaccine uses circular DNA strands that stimulate the immune system to fight the new coronavirus
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Unlike other Covid-19 vaccines, ZyCoV-D does not require needle injection, but is administered through a needle-free device that produces tiny, high-pressure fluids that penetrate directly through the surface of the skin, eliminating the pain of needle sticks
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Although a number of new crown vaccines and therapeutic/preventive drugs have been approved around the world, with the mutation of the new crown virus, the situation of mankind's fight against the new crown virus is still very serious.

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