Interpretation! Uncover the close link between intestinal bacteria and the occurrence of human fatty liver disease!

!--, August 21, 2020 // -- Scientists from the University of California and other institutions have revealed a link between the microbiome and human fatty liver disease in a recent study published in the international journal Cell Host and Microbe entitled "Microbiota and Fatty Liver Disease-The Unknown, and The Future."
The liver communicates with the intestines through mediators in the veins, bile system, and body circulation, where microbes maintain the liver's state and act as a source of specific pathogens and molecules to promote fatty liver disease, the researchers revealed how changes in the gut microbiome promote the molecular mechanisms for the development and progression of alcohol-related and non-alcoholic fatty livers in Western countries. The most common chronic liver diseases; the researchers shed light on how the gut microbiome and its products contribute to the pathological manifestations of liver disease, while the researchers also found specific disease-indicating biomarkers, and the results of the study are expected to lead to the development of new treatments for chronic liver disease by manipulating the intestinal bacteriocytes; the researchers note that increasing understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiome and the liver may help effectively identify patients with specific disease subsypes and develop new, individualized treatments for patients.
picture source: Sonja Lang. Cell Host and Microbe 28, August 12, 2020 doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.007 Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are currently a health burden for the global population AlD and NAFLD are the most common chronic liver diseases in Western countries, and ALD is now the leading cause of liver transplantation in patients in the United States, and non-alcoholic fatty hepatitis (NASH) has become the second most common liver disease among patients waiting for liver transplantation.
in this study, researchers shed light on the key role of the gut microbiome in the development of ALD and NAFLD, focusing on the pathogenesis of the human body, and the findings may help scientists use the gut microbiome as a diagnostic tool, while using new strategies to change the host's gut microbiome to treat related liver diseases.
Research into the human gut microbiome is important for improving human health, as the rodent's gut microbiome develops only a portion of the human-specific altered characteristics that allow the mice's gut microbiome to be sourced by transplanting feces into the intestines of sterile mice. While researchers can help researchers analyze the association between human gut microbes and specific diseases, the current mouse model has a number of important limitations, most importantly, the intestinal bacteria in some populations cannot be planted in mouse bodies, and there are large differences in the microbiome between the subject mice and human feeders.
Previously, research on the human microbiome relied heavily on cross-sectional, observational design, which is a very important deficiency, the composition of the gut microbiome will quickly respond to changes in nutrition, lifestyle, drugs and environmental conditions, and most studies rely on a single "snapshot" of the gut microbiome, so it is not surprising that there is a certain degree of repetition.
These problems often limit the effectiveness of the intestinal bacteria as prognosis or diagnostic markers, and fatty liver patients often have complications that can lead to the results of studies that are biased, i.e. identified intestinal bacterial characteristics that may be affected by obesity, type 2 diabetes and the drugs used, so researchers need to Longitudinal sample collection and better matching of controlled studies to clarify the association between gut microbiome characteristics and specific disorders, as well as the need to monitor the dynamic changes of the gut microbiome in a large number of patients with different characteristics over time and to respond to different events to determine the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiome induces or promotes the development of liver disease.
In addition to studying gut microbiomes associated with liver disease, researchers need to study other microorganisms, such as fungi, viruses, and paleobacteria, and analyze the interactions between these gut microbiomes; The description of taxonomy shifts to functional studies of interactions between human cells, microorganisms and their metabolic pathfly, and researchers need to conduct more in-depth studies to determine the presence and level of small molecule metabolites, as well as the expression of microbial toxicity factors, all of which can better help to understand the dynamic interactions between the gut microbiome and liver disease.
picture source: Sonja Lang. Cell Host and Microbe 28, August 12, 2020 doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.007 One of the biggest challenges researchers face today is to classify ALD or NAFLD as a subgroup of disease and how to identify patients associated with changes in specific microbiomes. Engineered bacteria can also be introduced to restore the absence of specific bacteriums or to supplement rejected microbial-derived metabolites; despite these advanced technologies, the current trial design is still one-size-fits-all, as the researchers note in the paper, not all patients have abnormal intestinal barrier function, and if participants are not selected based on biomarkers that increase intestinal permeability, drugs that restore intestinal barrier function may face failure. Microbial-based therapies should be carefully selected based on specific changes in the patient's gut or microbiome.
In today's individualized therapies, which target specific bacterios to increase the effectiveness of the treatment or reduce side effects, NAFLD patients may not be able to increase the production of endogenous ethanol or increase the synthesis of bile acid, so not only should test results be reported across the patient population Averages, and the ability to classify patients into sub-groups based on microbial, genetic, and metabolic characteristics (or their combinations), are important because these markers can help researchers identify patients at risk of progression in ALD and NAFLD and can choose the right treatment.
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page title"--understanding the complex relationships between gut microbes and humans may help develop new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic strategies, as well as help developing individualized microbial-based disease treatments that scientists seem to know far more than they really do, so they will continue to delve deeper into the close link between gut microbiomes and the occurrence of multiple human diseases.
() Reference: Sonja Lang, Bernd Schnab. Microbiota and Fatty Liver Disease-The Name, the Unknown, and the Future, Cell Host and Microbe 28, August 12, 2020 doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.007 !--/ewebeditor:page--