Interpretation of recent important research results of Alzheimer's disease!

In this paper, I have compiled several research results, and jointly interpreted the new achievements of scientists in the field of Alzheimer's disease research, and shared them with you! Photo source: Houston Methodist [1] ebomedicine: special protein related to ovarian cancer or neurodegenerative DOI in Alzheimer's disease patients: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.030 Recently, scientists from Houston Methodist cancer center and other institutions identified a special protein in ovarian cancer, which may promote the decline of brain function and the development of Alzheimer's disease Researcher Stephen T.C According to Wong, our results show that one protein with known function may play another role, which may help to develop new strategies for disease treatment; researchers have revealed the different roles of β - amyloid protein in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and many scientists engaged in Alzheimer's disease research only focus on β - amyloid The association of proteins or β - amyloid with other proteins, such as tau In this study, the researchers revealed the new role of a protein called ociad1 (ovarian cancer immune response antigen domain contains 1 protein) The first researchers found that ociad1 is responsible for ovarian cancer metastasis and stem cells The protein can damage neurons and synapses in the brain, thus inducing neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease patients 【2】 Neurology: shock! One night's sleep alone increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease in young men doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008866 Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Neurology, scientists from Uppsala University found that when a young man does not sleep for only one night, the level of tau protein in his blood is higher than when he has enough sleep at night Tau protein is a key biomarker of Alzheimer's disease Tau protein is a special protein in neurons, which can form tangles At the same time, tau protein will accumulate in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease It has been formed in the brain before the symptoms of the disease appear Previous research on the elderly shows that sleep is insufficient The level of tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid and the concentration of circulating tau protein in blood will be increased after head trauma Jonathan, MD Cedernaes pointed out that many of us will lack sleep at some stage of our lives due to jet lag, staying up late to complete projects, shift work, overtime work or unstable work In this study, we found that, in time for young healthy people, less sleep one night will also increase the level of tau protein in the body's blood fluid, which shows that, over time, lack of sleep may affect the body Health has a harmful effect 【3】 Nature: why do immune cells targeting EB virus "sniff" the brains of Alzheimer's patients? Doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1895-7 in a research report published in the international journal Nature, scientists from Stanford University found immune cells unable to get rid of the virus in the brain of patients with late Alzheimer's disease and in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease The researchers not only found high levels of immune cells, but also found that these amazing numbers of T cells can be used to "target" the characteristics of EB virus There is no convincing evidence that EBV is associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the good news is that EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus, the fourth type of human herpesvirus) is more common than family pets When we are 5 years old, it will infect about 50% of the population In our life, nine out of ten people will be infected with the virus, usually it will quietly hide in the body, including the brain EB virus usually does not show symptoms, but the most common is to induce monocytosis 【4】 Neuron: is herpesvirus infection really related to Alzheimer's disease? Scientists question it! Doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.11.009, a research report published in the international journal Neuron, researchers from Baylor Medical College refuted the relationship between the increased level of herpes virus and the risk of Alzheimer's disease through research In this paper, researchers provided a new statistical and computational framework to analyze large-scale sequencing data At present, there are about 50 million people suffering from Alzheimer's disease, which is a kind of progressive Alzheimer's disease, which will cause the loss of memory, cognitive ability and speech skills, and now the number of patients is increasing; currently available therapies can only temporarily slow down the symptoms or the speed of memory loss, so as to maximize the independent life of patients Working hours, there is no effective treatment to slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease As with all types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease is mainly characterized by the death of a large number of neurons Identifying why neurons die in Alzheimer's brain may help clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and develop new therapies, said researcher Zheng Liu Previous studies have theorized that microbial infection, such as certain viruses, may induce Alzheimer's disease In addition, a 2018 study showed that compared with brain tissue of healthy aging subjects or patients suffering from other forms of neurodegenerative diseases, researchers found that human herpesvirus 6A (HHV) was found in autopsy brain tissue of more than 1000 patients with Alzheimer's disease -6A) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) levels increased 【5】 J Med Chem: HIV drug Freund may be expected to treat Alzheimer's disease doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01383 recently, an International Journal of medical In the Research Report on chemistry, scientists from Vanderbilt University and other institutions found that a drug used to treat and prevent HIV / AIDS may help to treat Alzheimer's disease, and relevant research may help to develop new therapies to improve the brain memory and cognitive function of Alzheimer's patients The researchers said that the structural modification of EFV (efavirenz), an anti AIDS drug, could increase its ability to activate specific enzymes, which can help remove cholesterol from the brain; cholesterol is believed to induce the aggregation of β - amyloid plaques, which is the main marker of Alzheimer's disease In the late 1990s, enzymes p45046a1 (CYP46A1) has been found to be important for breaking down and eliminating cholesterol in the brain Photo source: cc0 public domain [6] J Neurosci: take ketone diet or hope to help the body resist Alzheimer's disease doi: 10.1523/junirosci.1446-19.2019 ago, an International Journal of neuroscience was published with the title of "SIRT3 haploinsufficiency agencies loss of GABAergic interneurons and neural network hyperactivity in an In the Research Report of Alzheimer's disease model, researchers from institutes such as the National Institutes of health found that a diet supplemented with ketones could protect brain neurons from death during the progression of Alzheimer's disease When in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease, the brain usually becomes over excited, which may be achieved by the loss of inhibitory or GABAergic interneurons, which can prevent other neurons from sending out too many signals Compared with other neurons, intermediate neurons often need more energy When they encounter Alzheimer's disease protein - β - amyloid protein, these intermediate neurons will become very easy to die β - amyloid protein will damage the cell's energy factory - mitochondria by interfering with the function of SIRT3 protein SIRT3 protein can protect the function of mitochondria and protect neurons from damage Damage 【7】 Commin Biol: special proteins in the brain may help prevent Alzheimer's disease doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0698-6 recently, an international journal Communications In the Research Report on biology, scientists from institutions such as the University of Alberta found that the most common version of a protein called CD33 plays a key role in regulating human brain leukocytes, and relevant research is expected to help develop new therapies against Alzheimer's disease Based on the results of previous studies, the researchers found that CD33 protein may be a key factor to reduce the possibility of Alzheimer's disease in individuals However, compared with the more common CD33, less than 10% of the population carries this version of CD33 According to researcher Matthew Macauley, microglia in the brain play a key role in the development of Alzheimer's disease, which has two sides (harmful or protective) The presence of CD33 on microglia shows that, under appropriate circumstances, immune cells can protect the brain from Alzheimer's disease; if scientists can target this more common version of CD33 to influence microglia to be more like those carrying rare versions of CD33, it is expected to help to create protective microglia Small glial cells, and then the treatment of Alzheimer's disease 【8】 Nat Neurosci: scientists have successfully studied the function of human microglia in mouse brain, which is expected to develop a new therapy for Alzheimer's disease doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0525-x For a long time, human brain is a very complex research object, the resolution of brain scanning and the information it can provide are very limited, and researchers can not use in vitro methods to completely copy the important microenvironment in brain cells; recently, an international journal Nature In the Research Report on neuroscience, scientists from Flanders Biotechnology Research Institute developed a new method through research, which pioneered the transplantation of human brain microglia into mouse brain Microglia is a kind of brain cell that mainly maintains complex brain function, which plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but it is difficult for researchers to study microglia at present; microglia cultured in a culture dish often ignores the complex environment needed to maintain cell function, while microglia in the brain of model animals such as mice, etc The cytoplasm is also different from the microglia of the human brain 【9】 Intake of trans fatty acids may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease by 50% Doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008464 recently, a study published in the international journal Neurology entitled "serum elaidic acid concentration and risk of deimentia the Hisayama" In the study report, scientists from Kyushu University and other institutions in Japan revealed the relationship between the concentration of trans oleic acid in the body's serum and the individual's risk of dementia through research The researchers found that the intake of junk food rich in trans unsaturated fatty acid would increase the risk of dementia (or Alzheimer's disease) in the population Trans 18:1n-9 in serum is the guest of trans fatty acids in industry