Interpretation of avian influenza in focus interview

Introduction: Beijing, January 29, cctv.com news (focus interview): Recently, the three words "bird flu" appear more and more frequently In some Asian countries and regions, bird flu is spreading On January 27, an individual chicken farm in Dingdang Town, Long'an County, Guangxi Province, China was also confirmed to have H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza, so what kind of virus is avian influenza? Will it do harm to our human health? How can we prevent and control it? In today's talk show, let's talk about bird flu OK, let's introduce the guests from our studio for today's program The guest we have invited today is Jia Youling, the chief stockkeeper of the Ministry of agriculture of the people's Republic of China You are welcome to join us Host: first of all, I want to ask you, because at the end of January, our country has found the avian influenza virus in Guangxi, Hunan and Hubei How is the situation in the epidemic area now? Jia Youling: it should be said that the situation in the epidemic area has been well controlled First of all, all poultry in the epidemic area have been killed, and all poultry within 3 kilometers around the epidemic area have been completely killed Host 78u: how is the number of three kilometers determined? Is it safe enough? Jia Youling: we have a basis for this It is determined according to the requirements of the international animal health code for the prevention of such severe infectious diseases, which is determined and promulgated by the international organization for animal health But for the sake of more safety, we have carried out compulsory immune belt 3 kilometers away, that is, 3 to 5 kilometers away I'm afraid there will be some policies in the future I think we will control the epidemic focus under the work of double insurance Host 78u: now through the observation of the epidemic area, have you found that, for example, these chicken farmers, these people have some symptoms of avian influenza? Jia Youling: so far, no case of human infection with avian influenza has been found Host: maybe the three words "bird flu" are very new for many people We just want to know what's the difference between bird flu and getting an influenza Jiayouling: influenza is generally divided into three types, called a type, B type and C type Type B and type C are generally only spread in people, and rarely spread to other animals But influenza A is mainly spread among birds Now it is found that it is more and more transmitted to other animals and humans For example, the vaccine we vaccinated against influenza last year actually includes influenza A, which can be said to be avian influenza Host 78u: I remember that when SARS began to spread at the beginning of last year, we were very afraid because we didn't know about the virus, we didn't know what it was How long is it like this bird flu? How well do we know about this bird flu in the whole scientific community now? Can you control it? Jia Youling: it has been more than one hundred years since the discovery of avian influenza in 1878 In fact, it was not until 1955 that we knew it was type A influenza In this process, the virus continuously mutated, which also caused many outbreaks Now the fear is that H5N1 will spread to humans In fact, I feel that H5N1 is no different from other influenza A viruses in terms of virus itself The key is human tolerance I think with the emergence of vaccines and the increase of people's experience in prevention and treatment, I think this is that influenza A, including H5N1, is preventable and controllable Host: let's say how ordinary people should prevent it now It's said that I have bird flu, because I've heard someone say that I can't eat eggs or chicken Is it necessary? Jia Youling: it should be said that there should be no panic The virus is very sensitive to temperature Generally, it has a strong adaptability to low temperature If it is around - 20 ℃, it may survive for several years, 40 months But at 20 degrees, it can only survive for seven days At 4 degrees, it can survive for 30 to 35 days So for food, the heated food should be said that there is no active virus For example, the virus can be inactivated in 10 minutes at 56 ℃ and in two minutes at 70 ℃ Host 78u: after SARS, we may also have an experience that virus is related to climate and temperature It may get hotter and hotter next In this case, will avian influenza become more active or less active due to the influence of temperature? Jia Youling: from the world's understanding of influenza A, it's like this It likes cold and humid places Therefore, most of the frequent seasons are in winter and spring In general, January and February should be a peak In summer, it should be rare So when the weather gets hot, it's also a very good way to block the transmission For the communication between people, I think it should be like this For avian influenza, it will also significantly reduce its prevalence Host 78u: now we are very concerned about the prevalence of avian influenza The main reason is that there are reports of human infection in Thailand and Vietnam What is the transmission way of avian influenza from chicken, duck and human? Jia Youling: Generally speaking, for H5N1, a type A influenza, the main route of transmission is people who are directly in contact with sick birds Because the virus can survive for a long time under certain conditions, for example, it can survive for 105 days in feces and 18 days in feathers Therefore, the chance of infection of people who contact sick birds is relatively greater, but if we do not contact sick birds, it should be said that there is no problem Host 78u: if we avoid contact with this live chicken, I will definitely not get bird flu But will it spread from person to person? Jia Youling: from 1997 to now, we have only found such cases that have been transmitted to people through poultry, and we have not found a case of h5n1a influenza that has been transmitted from person to person, that is to say, it is not transmitted from person to person As long as we control the epidemic focus, especially the epidemic area, we should say that the diseased birds in the epidemic area will not be infected But we should be careful Migratory birds and waterfowls are animals with more poisons We should try our best not to contact these animals Host: you mean, can you be more specific? For example, in our daily life, what things we may do inadvertently at ordinary times should we pay attention to now? Jia Youling: for example, some people prefer to feed wild birds and pigeons I advise these people to pay attention to reducing such activities Host: maybe it's very rare that you really touch live chickens or ducks, but some families like to raise pigeons This time, they are going to put them out or wash their hands after feeding them What's the way? One is to pay attention to disinfection Including regular disinfection of pigeon house and cage house In addition, there is an immature suggestion that these pigeons can also be immunized, which may be better Host: where can we do this immunization? Jia Youling: general veterinary hospital is OK Host 78u: from the current situation, what is the way to block the spread of avian influenza in various countries and regions? Jia Youling: from the perspective of the situation of various countries, especially the developed countries, generally it finds the epidemic earlier As long as it is dealt with and found early, it can be quickly eliminated Host 78u: now what is the level of detection of avian influenza in our country? Can you find out in a short time? Jia Youling: the diagnostic reagents for avian influenza produced by our country are very mature and good It has been distributed to animal epidemic prevention departments in all provinces, and the density of poultry monitoring has been increased At the same time, all kinds of birds such as waterfowl and migratory birds such as sparrow, wild duck and partridge are also being monitored In addition, our research unit has a very important work, which is to develop a very effective vaccine It should be said that the protection rate in the laboratory is very high, which can reach 100% The vaccine was also produced in large quantities and distributed to animal epidemic prevention departments in various provinces Therefore, it has played a very good role in carrying out the compulsory immune belt around the epidemic spot Host: that is to say, if the chickens and ducks around have been vaccinated, they will not get the vaccine again? Jia Youling: it should be As long as we follow the regulations and follow the regulations in all aspects of vaccine storage, there should be a protection rate Host 78u: a lot of viewers said that if we want to find out early, we need to know what it looks like to have bird flu What kind of symptoms do chickens and ducks usually have when they get bird flu? Jia Youling: the process of bird flu is very fast Many poultry can't see any symptoms and die soon Therefore, I think that the farmers all over the country have found that the poultry died suddenly for unknown reasons, but they have injected new castle disease, infectious rhinotracheitis and infectious bronchitis before If they have done such epidemic prevention measures, they should report them to the animal epidemic prevention department as soon as possible for diagnosis This is very important Host: for example, ordinary people, how to prevent it? What if I was in the epidemic area? What will happen if you are not in the epidemic area? You will tell us about it systematically Jia Youling: in general, large-scale breeding plants, attention should be paid to the contact between the poultry in their own breeding plants and wild birds, that is to say, their vents and feed inlets should be equipped with wire mesh to prevent other birds like sparrows from entering The other is to pay special attention to the fact that poultry cannot be mixed and chickens cannot be fed together with ducks and geese The workers of the poultry factory should not raise some chickens and ducks in their own homes This kind of spread is very terrible Before and after entering the poultry factory, workers should change their clothes and take a bath to protect themselves For ordinary people, I don't think it's necessary to worry too much Because this kind of H5N1 influenza is no different from other type A influenza As long as we do a good job in personal hygiene and try not to touch wild waterfowl, I think it's not a big problem Host 78u: OK, thank you very much for your interview, thank you Through the introduction of experts, we know that avian influenza is not terrible, and relevant departments have perfect measures to effectively prevent and control it At the same time, in the face of the epidemic of avian influenza in Asia, all countries can effectively control its threat to global human health by early action and strengthening cooperation 78u