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Although Chinese medicine occupies a pivotal position in the history of China for thousands of years, pesticide residues have always been one of the reasons why Chinese medicine is criticized in terms of quality management of Chinese medicine materials
.
On December 30, 2020, the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia was officially implemented.
Regarding pesticide residues that are generally of concern to the Chinese medicine industry, the general technical requirements stipulate the limit of 33 banned pesticides for plant medicinal materials (not exceeding the quantitative limit)
.
In order to help Chinese medicinal materials planting, decoction pieces processing and Chinese patent medicine manufacturers to strictly control the quality, we specially compiled and summarized the detection of banned pesticide residues in some medicinal materials and decoction pieces (plants) that have been reported so as to facilitate the reference of relevant practitioners.
.
1.
Types and items that are easy to detect [1-4] The data is for reference only:? Open Tencent News and view more pictures> Phorate, carbofuran, and hydrocarbophos are the most frequently detected items.
Such pesticides have been detected in many medicinal materials and decoction pieces
.
1.
Phorate phorate is a highly toxic and highly effective broad-spectrum insecticide
.
It has systemic and fumigation effects.
It is mainly used for cottonseed dressing, seed soaking or soil treatment, to control early cotton aphids, red spiders, thrips, etc.
, and also to treat underground pests such as cutworms, mole crickets and golden needle insects
.
2.
Kelvin Kelvin is a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-residue, and highly toxic carbamate insecticide, acaricide, and nematicide
.
It has the effects of systemic absorption, contact killing and stomach poisoning, and has a certain oviogenous effect, and has a longer duration of effect.
Generally, the half-life in the soil is 30 to 60 days
.
And it has the function of shortening the growth period of crops and promoting the growth and development of crops, thereby effectively increasing crop yields
.
The medicament is applied to the roots of the soil crops, and the roots absorb water and transport them to the stems and leaves to achieve the purpose of controlling insects.
At the same time, it also has a contact effect
.
It can be used to control rice stem borers, rice thrips, rice leaf rollers, rice planthoppers, rice leafhoppers, rice weevil, corn borer, corn rootworm, cotton aphid, cotton bollworm, soybean aphid, soybean heartworm, mites And nematodes
.
3.
Hydrocarbophos is a broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide with contact killing, stomach poisoning and egg killing effects
.
It has a good control effect on mites, Lepidoptera and Homoptera pests
.
It is mainly used to control cotton red spider, cotton aphid, cotton bollworm (larvae and eggs), red bollworm eggs, Spodoptera litura, rice stem borer, and has good effects on various scale insects
.
Such as the control of cotton spider mite and cotton aphid
.
2.
Detection of pesticide residues in planted Chinese medicine samples [5] Recently, Chemosphere, a top journal in the field of environmental science and ecology, reported the pesticide pollution status of large-scale planted Chinese medicinal materials.
This study comprehensively evaluated the current pesticide residues of Chinese medicine in China.
The potential risks and safety of the company
.
The article was researched and completed by scientists from the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.
A total of 1771 batches of planted Chinese medicinal materials were collected from 503 producing areas, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Method (GC/MS-MS) was used to analyze 136 pesticide residue targets [5]
.
The study determined the pesticide residue status of a large sample of Chinese medicinal materials, provided data support for the formulation of standards for harmful exogenous residues of Chinese medicinal materials, and provided a basis for standardized planting and quality supervision of Chinese medicinal materials
.
The results of the article showed that bifenthrin was detected in 44.
62% of the samples of Chinese medicinal materials, diphenylamine was detected in 42.
41% of the samples, and metolachlor was detected in 41.
50% of the samples.
.
In addition, 3 or more pesticide residues were detected in 51.
38% of the samples of Chinese medicinal materials, 5 or more pesticide residues were detected in 24.
45% of the samples, and 1-5 different pesticide residues were detected in 69.
79% of the samples
.
It is worth mentioning that more than 21 kinds of pesticide residues have been detected in 5 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials
.
Among them, chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemi flos) detected 37 pesticide residues, hawthorn (Crataegi fructus) detected 29 pesticide residues, and Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus (Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus) detected 27 pesticide residues. .
The results of the risk assessment showed that total DDTs, carbofuran and mevinphos were identified as the most risky insecticides among Chinese medicinal materials, while hawthorn was the representative fruit category.
The problem of pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials requires special attention
.
The pesticide residue detection status of 1771 batches of cultivated Chinese medicinal materials can be seen in Figure 1 to Figure 9
.
Figure 1 The 10 pesticides with the highest detection rate in Chinese medicinal materials (LC-MS/MS method) Figure 2 The 10 pesticides with the highest detection rate in Chinese medicinal materials (GC-MS/MS method) Figure 3 The number of pesticide residues detected The top 10 Chinese medicinal materials (LC-MS/MS method) Figure 4 The 10 Chinese medicinal materials with the largest number of pesticide residues (GC-MS/MS method) Figure 5 The 10 prohibited pesticides with the highest detection rate among Chinese medicinal materials ( LC-MS/MS method) Figure 6 The 10 banned pesticides with the highest detection rate among Chinese medicinal materials (GC-MS/MS method) Figure 7 Chinese medicinal materials with more than 7 banned pesticide residues (LC-MS/MS method) Figure 8 Chinese medicinal materials with more than 3 banned pesticide residues detected (GC-MS/MS method) Figure 9 Data of Chinese medicinal materials with more than 6 banned pesticide residues detected (GC-MS/MS method and LC-MS/MS method) Source: 5.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
chemosphere.
2020.
127477
.
On December 30, 2020, the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia was officially implemented.
Regarding pesticide residues that are generally of concern to the Chinese medicine industry, the general technical requirements stipulate the limit of 33 banned pesticides for plant medicinal materials (not exceeding the quantitative limit)
.
In order to help Chinese medicinal materials planting, decoction pieces processing and Chinese patent medicine manufacturers to strictly control the quality, we specially compiled and summarized the detection of banned pesticide residues in some medicinal materials and decoction pieces (plants) that have been reported so as to facilitate the reference of relevant practitioners.
.
1.
Types and items that are easy to detect [1-4] The data is for reference only:? Open Tencent News and view more pictures> Phorate, carbofuran, and hydrocarbophos are the most frequently detected items.
Such pesticides have been detected in many medicinal materials and decoction pieces
.
1.
Phorate phorate is a highly toxic and highly effective broad-spectrum insecticide
.
It has systemic and fumigation effects.
It is mainly used for cottonseed dressing, seed soaking or soil treatment, to control early cotton aphids, red spiders, thrips, etc.
, and also to treat underground pests such as cutworms, mole crickets and golden needle insects
.
2.
Kelvin Kelvin is a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-residue, and highly toxic carbamate insecticide, acaricide, and nematicide
.
It has the effects of systemic absorption, contact killing and stomach poisoning, and has a certain oviogenous effect, and has a longer duration of effect.
Generally, the half-life in the soil is 30 to 60 days
.
And it has the function of shortening the growth period of crops and promoting the growth and development of crops, thereby effectively increasing crop yields
.
The medicament is applied to the roots of the soil crops, and the roots absorb water and transport them to the stems and leaves to achieve the purpose of controlling insects.
At the same time, it also has a contact effect
.
It can be used to control rice stem borers, rice thrips, rice leaf rollers, rice planthoppers, rice leafhoppers, rice weevil, corn borer, corn rootworm, cotton aphid, cotton bollworm, soybean aphid, soybean heartworm, mites And nematodes
.
3.
Hydrocarbophos is a broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide with contact killing, stomach poisoning and egg killing effects
.
It has a good control effect on mites, Lepidoptera and Homoptera pests
.
It is mainly used to control cotton red spider, cotton aphid, cotton bollworm (larvae and eggs), red bollworm eggs, Spodoptera litura, rice stem borer, and has good effects on various scale insects
.
Such as the control of cotton spider mite and cotton aphid
.
2.
Detection of pesticide residues in planted Chinese medicine samples [5] Recently, Chemosphere, a top journal in the field of environmental science and ecology, reported the pesticide pollution status of large-scale planted Chinese medicinal materials.
This study comprehensively evaluated the current pesticide residues of Chinese medicine in China.
The potential risks and safety of the company
.
The article was researched and completed by scientists from the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.
A total of 1771 batches of planted Chinese medicinal materials were collected from 503 producing areas, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Method (GC/MS-MS) was used to analyze 136 pesticide residue targets [5]
.
The study determined the pesticide residue status of a large sample of Chinese medicinal materials, provided data support for the formulation of standards for harmful exogenous residues of Chinese medicinal materials, and provided a basis for standardized planting and quality supervision of Chinese medicinal materials
.
The results of the article showed that bifenthrin was detected in 44.
62% of the samples of Chinese medicinal materials, diphenylamine was detected in 42.
41% of the samples, and metolachlor was detected in 41.
50% of the samples.
.
In addition, 3 or more pesticide residues were detected in 51.
38% of the samples of Chinese medicinal materials, 5 or more pesticide residues were detected in 24.
45% of the samples, and 1-5 different pesticide residues were detected in 69.
79% of the samples
.
It is worth mentioning that more than 21 kinds of pesticide residues have been detected in 5 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials
.
Among them, chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemi flos) detected 37 pesticide residues, hawthorn (Crataegi fructus) detected 29 pesticide residues, and Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus (Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus) detected 27 pesticide residues. .
The results of the risk assessment showed that total DDTs, carbofuran and mevinphos were identified as the most risky insecticides among Chinese medicinal materials, while hawthorn was the representative fruit category.
The problem of pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials requires special attention
.
The pesticide residue detection status of 1771 batches of cultivated Chinese medicinal materials can be seen in Figure 1 to Figure 9
.
Figure 1 The 10 pesticides with the highest detection rate in Chinese medicinal materials (LC-MS/MS method) Figure 2 The 10 pesticides with the highest detection rate in Chinese medicinal materials (GC-MS/MS method) Figure 3 The number of pesticide residues detected The top 10 Chinese medicinal materials (LC-MS/MS method) Figure 4 The 10 Chinese medicinal materials with the largest number of pesticide residues (GC-MS/MS method) Figure 5 The 10 prohibited pesticides with the highest detection rate among Chinese medicinal materials ( LC-MS/MS method) Figure 6 The 10 banned pesticides with the highest detection rate among Chinese medicinal materials (GC-MS/MS method) Figure 7 Chinese medicinal materials with more than 7 banned pesticide residues (LC-MS/MS method) Figure 8 Chinese medicinal materials with more than 3 banned pesticide residues detected (GC-MS/MS method) Figure 9 Data of Chinese medicinal materials with more than 6 banned pesticide residues detected (GC-MS/MS method and LC-MS/MS method) Source: 5.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
chemosphere.
2020.
127477
