Influence of China's accession to WTO on animal husbandry and feed industry

Introduction: (1) the total production of meat, milk and eggs is large, but the per capita output is low According to the information of FAO in 1998 and the data of China's National Bureau of statistics, the total output of meat in China is 55.14 million tons, accounting for 25.6% of the world's output; the output of milk is 11.06 million tons, accounting for 2.0% of the world's output; the output of eggs is 41.8% of the world's output In addition to the low proportion of milk output, meat and eggs account for a large proportion of the world's total output However, the per capita share of the above three categories is relatively low, namely, 5l.44kg, 8.44kg and 17.16kg of meat, which are equivalent to 136.l%, 9.0% and 193.9% of the world average level, respectively, and 40.2%, 3.2% and 103.4% of the United States The per capita share of eggs is close to that of developed countries, far higher than the world average; the per capita share of meat is lower than that of the United States, but higher than the world average; the per capita consumption of milk is significantly lower than that of the United States and the world Guangdong province belongs to the southeast coastal developed province, the improvement of consumption level and dietary structure has stimulated the development of animal husbandry Animal husbandry has achieved sustained and rapid development, with the main livestock products increasing for 20 consecutive years, and the output of meat, milk and eggs increasing by 5.5 times, 3.7 times and 35.5 times respectively In 1998, the total output of meat was 2.9644 million tons, the output of milk was 7.47 million tons, and the output of eggs was 2.923 million tons, but the per capita meat output was 44.9 kg, the milk output was 1.1 kg, and the egg output was 4.0 kg, all lower than the national per capita level The contradiction between animal husbandry production and consumption demand is intense (2) the increase of large-scale and intensive farms in economically developed provinces due to the high level of economy, and the relatively small institutional constraints on grain production in coastal areas by the state, the corresponding animal husbandry and diversified management have developed rapidly For example, Guangdong Province has established a large number of livestock and poultry farms with large-scale production and intensive feeding, which produce nearly half of the total livestock products in Guangdong Province, with good quality and strong competitiveness, and the price of pigs in Guangdong Province is relatively high in the Hong Kong market (3) feed shortage is the bottleneck of the development of animal husbandry Due to the low quality and high price of raw materials, the feed industry in China is relatively low in quality and high in price, so the development scale of feed industry is small and the feed supply is relatively short For example, China has a population of 1.2 billion, with an annual output of 58 million tons of feed and 13000 feed factories The United States has a population of more than 200 million, with an annual output of 100 million tons of feed, and only 300 feed factories China's per capita share of feed is 48 kg, only 9.7% of that of the United States Guangdong's per capita share (98 kg) is far higher than the national level, and only 19.6% of the United States In terms of the scale of feed factories, the average scale of feed factories in China is 4462 tons, only 1.3% of that in the United States The production scale of feed factories in Guangdong Province is large In 1998, there were 340 feed production enterprises in Guangdong Province, producing 6.88 million tons of mixed feed, accounting for 12% of the national mixed feed Feed raw materials were basically purchased from outside the province and imported from abroad The production scale of feed factories is 4.5 times of the national average level, but only 6% of that of the United States From the perspective of scale economy, the total amount of feed provided by the current feed industry is difficult to meet the requirements of animal husbandry production, and its price must be higher than that of the feed industry with the advantage of scale economy 2 The impact of WTO on the development of animal husbandry and feed industry (1) favorable impact 1 The situation of feed shortage will be changed In 1998, China imported US $1.2 billion of agricultural products from the United States, 63.7% of which were feed and related products In 1999, the preferential tariff of residues and wastes of food industry and formulated animal feed decreased significantly compared with the basic preferential tariff (1992 tariff), from 20% to 5% Only formulated animal feed tariff decreased slightly, such as dog food or cat food in retail packaging decreased from 70% to 30%, formulated feed additive decreased from 9% to 5%, other formulated feed decreased from 9% to 8% The reduction of feed import tariff will further cause the expansion of feed import, and the problem of feed shortage will be greatly alleviated The producers can purchase nearly half of the feed raw materials with low price from the international market, which can greatly reduce the production cost of feed and make the feed price advantage more prominent Feed grain produced by animal husbandry in Guangdong Province is basically purchased by other provinces and imported from abroad After China's accession to the WTO, corn and soybean meal can be purchased from the international market at a price nearly half cheaper This will greatly reduce the production cost of livestock and poultry products and make them more competitive in the international market For example, the raw materials for feed production in Guangdong Province are mainly purchased from the northeast Compared with the imported materials, each ton of corn costs 300 yuan, each ton of soybean costs 200 yuan, and each ton of fish meal costs 2000 yuan The price difference of various additives is 25% - 35% After entering the customs, the competition of raw materials is fierce, and the price is reduced by 20% - 30%, which makes the production cost and price of feed lower Due to the strong regional nature of feed industry raw materials and labor-intensive industry, foreign feed industry should enter only by means of cooperation and joint venture The disadvantage is that feed additives and veterinary medicine are weak industries in China 2 The domestic market of livestock products is stable The price of livestock products is cheap, and foreign products cannot be imported At present, China's meat price is lower than the international market, the price of pork is 57% lower than the international market, the price of beef is 84% lower, and the price of mutton is 54% lower After entering WTO, the price advantage is more obvious The fact that the price of animal products is low in China leaves a certain space for the reduction of the tariff of animal products For example, in 1999, the tariff of China's livestock products dropped significantly, fresh and frozen beef from 50% of the basic preferential tariff to 45%, fresh and frozen pork from 50% to 20%, fresh and frozen sheep meat or goat meat from 50% to 23%, fresh and frozen horses, mules, donkeys and their offal from 50% to 20%, meat and edible offal, dry, smoked, salted bacon or offal from 60% to 30% ~ 35% (regulations of the people's Republic of China on import and export tariffs, P6-9) In addition, the consumption of livestock products in China is different from that in the United States and other countries For example, the native chicken (Sanhuang chicken, black chicken, dwarf chicken, etc.) in our country makes it difficult for Chinese residents to adapt to the habitual food of large white cut chicken in foreign countries As a result, the competitiveness of foreign products in our market is greatly reduced due to the constraints of consumer habits 3 Expand the international market space After China's accession to the WTO, the restriction of export quota or license of livestock products will be cancelled Free trade of livestock products will broaden the international market of livestock products By virtue of the quality and geographical advantages of livestock products, expanding the export quantity will not only increase the foreign exchange earning, but also arouse the enthusiasm of production and promote the further development of outward oriented animal husbandry For example, by virtue of its quality and geographical advantages, Guangdong's livestock products can expand exports to neighboring countries and regions such as Japan, Indonesia and Hong Kong, and increase foreign exchange earning, so as to promote the development of its export-oriented animal husbandry 4 Requirements for improving the quality of livestock products - improving the scientific and technological content At present, the level of production and management of animal husbandry in China is not high After China's accession to WTO, due to the market competition, higher and newer requirements will be put forward for animal husbandry production We must implement it according to law, further strengthen the management of breeding livestock and poultry, strive to do a good job in veterinary epidemic prevention and quarantine, actively adjust the structure of livestock products, accelerate the improvement of livestock and poultry varieties, expand the coverage of improved breeds, further promote the application of advanced and applicable science and technology, implement scientific feeding management, constantly improve the rate of livestock and poultry out of the market and product quality, and improve the scientific and technological contribution rate of animal husbandry 5 Promote the development of feed industry Breeding industry and feed industry are inseparable, interdependent and mutually promoting For example, there are more than 340 feed production enterprises in Guangdong Province In 1998, 6.88 million tons of mixed feed were produced, accounting for 12% of the total production of mixed feed in China However, feed raw materials are basically purchased from outside the province and imported from abroad After China's accession to the WTO, a large number of feed materials can be purchased from the international market, and the price is nearly half of the original price, which can greatly reduce the production cost of compound feed, and is conducive to the development of feed industry (II) adverse impact 1 Impact on the development of dairy industry Because of the weak foundation, the small scale of dairy production, the low level of production, the high cost of production, as well as the impact of people's eating habits, and the invasion of foreign dairy products, the dairy market in China has been impacted, resulting in the dairy production has been stagnant After China's accession to the WTO, the dairy industry abroad has a large scale of production, a high degree of intensification, a relatively low cost of production and a low price Foreign dairy products will flow into the domestic market in large quantities, which will greatly affect the slow development of China's dairy industry for a long time 2 Some meat will be impacted by the United States The United States is the world's largest country of broiler breeding, production and consumption It is also a big country of chicken production American residents mainly eat breast chicken of broiler, while chicken wing, chicken leg and chicken claw are used as leftovers in feed industry in the United States, with low price, while Chinese residents just like to eat chicken wing, chicken leg and chicken claw, so this kind of products will enter the market of our country, posing a serious threat to the consumption market of broiler In addition, China has made a substantial adjustment to the tariff of meat products, making the domestic meat production capacity close to the limit, but in the agreement on agricultural cooperation between China and the United States, the United States further requires China to reduce the tariff by a large margin, reducing the average tariff of all agricultural products to 17% before 2004, which is of priority or vital interest to the United States For agricultural products, the tariff is required to be reduced to 14.5% Among them, beef in food is required to be reduced from 45% to 12%, pork is required to be reduced from 20% to 12%, poultry is required to be reduced from 20% to 10%, cheese in milk is required to be reduced from 50% to 12%, frozen cheese is required to be reduced from 45% to 19% These conditions will have a certain impact on these animal products in China 3 The strategic choice for the development of animal husbandry and feed industry after China's accession to the WTO (1) to strengthen the macro-control and management of animal husbandry; 1) to conscientiously make a long-term development plan, make a reasonable layout, and develop regional animal husbandry production according to local conditions Through the functions of planning, coordination, service and demonstration, the allocation of animal husbandry resources is optimized to form regional commodity production The second is to strengthen the legal management of animal husbandry, manage animal husbandry in accordance with the law on animal epidemic prevention and regulations on the management of breeding livestock and poultry promulgated by the state Regulations on the administration of veterinary drugs further regulate the production and operation of animal husbandry (2) to adjust and optimize the industrial structure of animal husbandry guided by the market; with the arrival of the buyer's market for animal products, the structural contradictions in animal husbandry are becoming more and more prominent On the one hand, the quantity of livestock and poultry for food is on the high side, the market is basically saturated, and the price fluctuates greatly; on the other hand, the price of livestock and poultry for grass has been strong for many years, but the production potential has not been fully exploited The actual comparative advantage indexes of animal products are: cattle 0.34, sheep 0.14, pig 4.39, fresh frozen meat 1.23, bacon 0.24, canned meat 1.99 From the perspective of import substitution strategy, we should develop herbivorous animal products such as cattle and sheep Secondly, due to the degradation of grassland, the proportion of meat production of grazing animal husbandry decreased from 20% in 1950s to 5% - 6% in 1997 Therefore, it is very important to develop herbivorous animal husbandry products to adjust the structure of meat