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Improve these 11 risk factors and prevent stroke World Stroke Day

 Last Update: 2021-11-12
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October 29, 2021 for the 16th World Stroke Day, this year's theme is " vigilant vigilance stroke symptoms, early identification of treatment", the slogan is "every minute" B "fight, cure brain"
.
Stroke symptoms, recognize and treat as soon as possible", the slogan is "B fight every second, save the brain"

Stroke is caused by the sudden blockage of blood vessels in the brain, causing cerebral ischemia and hypoxia

Stroke is caused by the sudden blockage of blood vessels in the brain, causing cerebral ischemia and hypoxia
.

In our country, a stroke occurs every 12 seconds, and one person is killed every 21 seconds

In our country, a stroke occurs every 12 seconds, and one person is killed every 21 seconds
.

Recognition of stroke

Recognition of stroke Recognition of stroke

Stroke symptoms include sudden appearance of facial distortion, speech unfavorable side limb weakness or inflexible, unsteady gait, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness and so on

Stroke symptoms include sudden appearance of facial distortion, speech unfavorable side limb weakness or inflexible, unsteady gait, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness and so on
.

Stroke prevention

Stroke prevention of stroke prevention prevention

Stroke is a disease caused by multiple factors such as life>Its risk factors are divided into two types: non-intervention and intervenable

Non-intervention risk factors include age, gender, race, genetic factors and birth weight
.

Non-intervention risk factors Non-intervention risk factors include age, gender, race, genetic factors, and birth weight
.

May intervene in risk factors are the main contents of primary prevention of stroke, including high blood pressure, abnormal glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, heart disease, asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis, migraine, sleep-disordered breathing, the same type of high-cysteine Acidemia and life>
.

May intervene in risk factors may intervene in risk factors are the main contents of primary prevention of stroke, including high blood pressure, abnormal glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, heart disease, asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis, migraine, sleep-disordered breathing, Hyperhomocysteinemia and life>
.
Blood pressure, abnormal glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, heart disease, asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis, migraine, sleep disordered breathing, hyperhomocysteinemia, and life>
.

Risk factors for stroke can intervene, to take preventive measures , to reduce the incidence of stroke and the risk of recurrence
.

Taking preventive measures against the risk factors that can be intervened in stroke , and taking preventive measures will effectively reduce the risk of stroke and recurrence .

01 Blood pressure management

manage

Hypertension is the most important adjustable risk factor for stroke
.
Mainly through drugs and life>
.

Ordinary hypertensive patients should reduce their blood pressure to <140/90mmHg; hypertensive patients with diabetes or proteinuria nephropathy should further reduce to 130/80mmHg.
Elderly people aged 65 to 79 can be reduced to <150/90mmHg according to specific conditions, such as It can be tolerated and should be further reduced to <140/90 mmHg.
The blood pressure of the elderly ≥80 years old is generally reduced to <150/90mmHg.

Those in need of antihypertensive treatment should be individualized treatment according to the characteristics of the patient and drug tolerance .

Those in need of antihypertensive treatment should be individualized treatment
according to the characteristics of the patient and drug tolerance .
Individualized treatment

People over 30 years old should measure blood pressure at least once a year; people with high normal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 120-139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 80-89mmHg) should promote a healthy life>
.

02 Blood sugar management

Regularly check blood sugar, if necessary, test glycosylated hemoglobin or do a glucose tolerance test, identify diabetes and pre-diabetes state early, and treat it in time; blood sugar control for diabetic patients should include improved life>
.
Control the glycosylated hemoglobin at the target value
.
In addition, on the basis of strict control of blood sugar, blood pressure and life>
.

03 Blood Lipid Management

In first-degree relative with early-onset atherosclerosis patients, conducted familial high cholesterol hyperlipidemia screening after diagnosis should be considered for statin therapy; women should be checked annually lipids after over 40 years old men and postmenopausal; high risk of stroke It is recommended for the population to test blood lipids regularly (3-6 months); and follow the medical staff's recommendations to control blood lipids with medication on time
.
And according to the individual's ASCVD risk level, reducing the level of LDL-C as the primary intervention target, and adopting different intensity intervention measures
.

Improve the control of blood lipids, and emphasize that all individuals must adhere to a healthy heart life>
.

04 Heart disease management

About 20% of ischemic stroke by the cardiac thrombosis caused
.
It is recommended that adults have regular physical examinations to detect heart disease in time and detect atrial fibrillation early; patients who are diagnosed with atrial fibrillation should actively seek specialist treatment and determine a suitable individualized antithrombotic treatment plan.
If you suspect that you have heart disease, you should promptly Seek a doctor for confirmation, examination, and treatment
.

05 Asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis

People over 40 years old should be screened for stroke risk factors.
Risk factors include: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, history of smoking, overweight or obesity, lack of exercise, and family history of stroke
.
＞40-year-old high-risk population (risk factors ≥3) undergo carotid color Doppler ultrasound examination
.

People over 40 years old should be screened for stroke risk factors, and people over 40 years old should be screened for stroke risk factors.
Risk factors include: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking history, overweight or obesity, lack Family history of exercise and stroke
.
＞40-year-old high-risk population (risk factors ≥3) undergo carotid color Doppler ultrasound examination
.
＞40-year-old high-risk population (risk factors ≥3) undergo carotid color Doppler ultrasound examination
.

Carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound only found thickening of the intima .
It is recommended to change life> (such as smoking cessation, moderate exercise and low-salt, low-fat, low-sugar, and low-calorie diet), and review the carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound once a year
.

Carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound only found thickening of the intima .
It is recommended to change life> (such as smoking cessation, moderate exercise and low-salt, low-fat, low-sugar, and low-calorie diet), and review the carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound once a year
.

Carotid ultrasound found only intimal thickening only found intimal thickening , recommended first life> first life>(such as smoking cessation, regular exercise and a low-salt, low fat, low sugar, low calorie diet), and an annual review of the carotid artery Color Doppler ultrasound 1 time
.

Diagnosed asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (stenosis ≥50%), statins and aspirin should be given daily
.
At the same time, other risk factors should be screened and life>
.

Diagnosed asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (stenosis ≥50%), statins and aspirin should be given daily
.
At the same time, other risk factors should be screened and life>
.

Asymptomatic carotid stenosis is diagnosed as asymptomatic carotid stenosis (stenosis ≥50%), statins and aspirin should be given daily
.
Statins and aspirin should be given every day.
At the same time, other risk factors should be screened and life>
.

Diagnosed asymptomatic severe carotid artery stenosis (stenosis> 70%) and life expectancy > 5 years , it is recommended to perform carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in a hospital where conditions permit, and combined treatment with aspirin is recommended
.

Diagnosed asymptomatic severe carotid artery stenosis (stenosis> 70%) and life expectancy > 5 years , it is recommended to perform carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in a hospital where conditions permit, and combined treatment with aspirin is recommended
.

Asymptomatic carotid diagnosed severe stenosis severe stenosis (stenosis> 70%) , and life expectancy and life expectancy of > 5 years > 5 years , in conditions recommended Hospital of carotid endarterectomy carotid endarterectomy (CEA ), and the combined application of aspirin is also recommended
.

Patients with asymptomatic severe carotid artery stenosis with CEA indications but a higher risk of surgery may consider endovascular stenting (CAS)
.

Patients with asymptomatic severe carotid artery stenosis with CEA indications but a higher risk of surgery may consider endovascular stenting (CAS)
.

06 Migraine

Studies have shown that migraine can increase the risk of ischemic stroke
.
Reducing the frequency of migraine attacks may reduce the occurrence of strokes, but excessive use of vasoconstrictors is not recommended to treat migraines
.

07 Sleep disordered breathing

Habitual snoring is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke
.
Sleep disordered breathing can increase the incidence, recurrence and mortality of stroke
.
Assess whether there is sleep breathing disorder, and perform sleep breathing monitoring if necessary
.
It may be reasonable to treat sleep apnea through continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and other methods to reduce the risk of stroke
.

08 Hyperhomocysteinemia

The plasma homocysteine content has a significant correlation with the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease
.
Patients with hyperhomocysteinemia can consider folic acid or folic acid combined with vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 to supplement folic acid or folic acid combined with vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 for stroke prevention
.

09 Smoking

Smoking can increase the relative risk of ischemic stroke by 90%.
Smokers should intervene through psychological counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, oral smoking cessation drugs, etc.
; non-smokers should also avoid passive smoking
.
And we should continue to strengthen publicity and education to raise public awareness of the dangers of active and passive smoking
.

10 Drinking

A weekly alcohol intake of more than 300g significantly increases the risk of stroke
.
Drinkers should reduce their drinking or stop drinking
.
For those who do not drink, it is recommended to keep drinking
.

11 Life>

In life, we should pay attention to the variety of daily diets, a balanced diet, including whole grains, miscellaneous beans, potatoes, fruits, vegetables and dairy products, to reduce the content of total fat, saturated fat, and trans fatty acids
.
Using a healthy life>
.
The more physical activity, the lower the risk of cardiovascular death
.
The more physical activity, the lower the risk of cardiovascular death
.
Cardiovascular individuals should choose their own physical activities to reduce the risk of stroke.
At the same time, we should also control our emotions , control our emotions not to be agitated, and avoid unnecessary consequences
.
Stroke treatment Stroke treatment and preventive measures can help reduce the risk of stroke, and it is extremely important to find the early symptoms of stroke in time.
The sooner it is detected, the sooner the treatment is, the better the recovery effect will be .
The patient is sent to a hospital or stroke center unit with treatment capacity immediately after the onset of the disease, and received standardized treatment.
Effective treatment including thrombolytic therapy within 4.
5 hours can save part of the brain tissue that has not yet been necrotic and improve the prognosis of the patient , Increase the chance of recovery and improve the quality of life .
Effective treatment measures including thrombolytic therapy within 4.
5 hours can save part of the brain tissue that has not yet been necrotic, improve the patient's prognosis, increase the chances of recovery, and improve the quality of life .
Rehabilitation of stroke patients Rehabilitation of stroke patients After a sudden stroke, the patient's physical functions will be more or less affected.
At this time, the rehabilitation process (functional recovery) is particularly important, such as motor function, language function, swallowing function, cognitive function and self-care ability.
rehabilitation
.
In addition to receiving rehabilitation guidance in the hospital's rehabilitation department and professional rehabilitation center, family members should also pay attention to interaction with patients, and speed up the recovery of sick family members through measures such as daily communication, close companionship, and careful training
.
Daily care and companionship are very important! Summary summary Time is brain, time is life, time is brain, time is life, rescue brain stroke patients is a race against time! The prevention of stroke is a systematic project that requires a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach that puts healthy people and patients at the center, and considers other health conditions and social environmental factors including air pollution .
Stroke is preventable and treatable .
Once discovered, seek medical advice, comprehensive assessment, and standardized treatment as soon as possible .
We must take the initiative to prevent and treat, and it will always be more effective than passively accepting rescue .
Active prevention and treatment are always more effective than passive rescue .

references:

[1] "China Stroke Prevention and Treatment Report 2019" Writing Group, (2020).
Summary of "China Stroke Prevention and Treatment Report 2019".
Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases

[2] Chinese Medical Association Neurology Branch, et al.
, (2019).
Chinese cerebrovascular disease primary prevention guide 2019.
Chinese Journal of Neurology [3] The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration.
(2021).
Age- stratified and blood-pressure-stratified effects of blood-pressure-lowering pharmacotherapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis.
The Lancet, DOI: DOI: https://doi.
org/10 .
1016/S0140-6736(21)01921-8

[4] Rod Jackson, Sue Wells.
(2021).
Time to remove hypertension from our vocabulary?.
The Lancet, DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/ S0140-6736(21) 01916-4

[4] Rod Jackson, Sue Wells (2021) Time to the Remove from Hypertension ?.
Our Vocabulary at The Lancet, DOI:.
.
Https://doi.
org/10.
1016/ S0140-6736 (21) 01916-4 in this message

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