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Total Focusing (TFM) is a systematic application
of the basic focusing principle of phased array to the defined area of interest (ROI) of the test piece.
The ROI is divided into a grid of positions or "pixels," and each pixel in the grid is focused
by phased array beamforming.
Until now, TFM has been a more efficient way to
generate this image of an area of interest that can be focused at various positions and depths.
Most current phased array and TFM technologies are based on single-mode scanning, addressing specific inspection challenges
.
In the available propagation modes, each TFM scan may be sensitive to
the nature of the defects it records.
TFM does improve the resolution and amplitude response
when choosing the appropriate mode.
However, in order to further enhance and improve
TFM.
Sonatest introduces TFMiTM, which is based on TFM's total focus rule
.
It can bring higher detection capabilities and measurement levels, more advanced geometric fidelity, basically realize the idea of seeing the real defect shape on the screen, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio
.
"The Evolution of Ultrasound Scan Evaluation in the Past Decade"
To illustrate the evolution of ultrasound scanning, here are all the common techniques
that address the same drawback.
From left to right, conventional UT, 15 MHz TOFD scan, shear wave sector scan, "TT" TFM scan and multi-shear wave mode TFM scan
on the slag inclusion.
TFMi combinatorial imaging 01
A basicTFMiTM image is created by multiplying a selected number of images from standard TFM propagation modes
.
The amplitude value on each pixel coordinate is the product
of the corresponding pixel values for each constituent modality.
The coherent signal is amplified so that the high amplitude response in two or more modes is enhanced
.
Similarly, the incoherent signal is constrained, and the background noise
is greatly reduced.
Any combination of
modes can be used in TFMi TM.
The following focuses on the results of the basic combination of TT, TTT, TTTT and TTTTT.
|
TFMiTM is a multimodal all-focused imaging technology that uses a nonlinear magnification factor to solve fine details and combine multiple propagation modes by multiplying pixel values. In multiple modes, the high amplitude response is enhanced and the non-coherent signal is attenuated, reducing background noise, which greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio . |
Advantages of using TFMi 02
One advantage of the TFMiTM method is that it is easier to interpret
.
By eliminating the need for multiple reflections, such as those present in normal TT, TFM, or PA sector scans, the need for
image interpretation is reduced.
Another advantage is that it reduces the need for the operator to select the correct mode for
a specific defect type.
When blemishes produce a combination of direct, indirect, and apical diffraction patterns, intermodal TFM analysis provides a more complete picture
than the mode alone.
In 2019, it was mentioned that the use of single-mode TFM did not meet ASME welding requirements, but TFMiTM better complemented and solved typical weld inspection applications
.
Another advantage is the improved signal-to-noise ratio
.
Porosity pore detection, traditional TFM imaging and TFMiTM imaging are compared as follows:
Signal-to-noise ratio comparison chart
conclusion
