Important achievements focus on new progress in the field of virus infection!

In this paper, a number of research results have been compiled, focusing on the new progress made by scientists in the field of virus infection research and sharing with you! Source: CDC [1] neuron: is herpesvirus infection really related to Alzheimer's disease? Scientists question it! Doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.11.009, a research report published in the international journal Neuron, researchers from Baylor Medical College refuted the relationship between the increased level of herpes virus and the risk of Alzheimer's disease through research In this paper, researchers provided a new statistical and computational framework to analyze large-scale sequencing data At present, there are about 50 million people suffering from Alzheimer's disease, which is a kind of progressive Alzheimer's disease, which will cause the loss of memory, cognitive ability and speech skills, and now the number of patients is increasing; currently available therapies can only temporarily slow down the symptoms or the speed of memory loss, so as to maximize the independent life of patients Working hours, there is no effective treatment to slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease As with all types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease is mainly characterized by the death of a large number of neurons Identifying why neurons die in Alzheimer's brain may help clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and develop new therapies, said researcher Zheng Liu Previous studies have theorized that microbial infection, such as certain viruses, may induce Alzheimer's disease In addition, a 2018 study showed that compared with brain tissue of healthy aging subjects or patients suffering from other forms of neurodegenerative diseases, researchers found that human herpesvirus 6A (HHV) was found in autopsy brain tissue of more than 1000 patients with Alzheimer's disease -6A) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) levels increased 【2】 Immunity: scientists in China have revealed that cholesterol metabolism in targeted macrophages can clear virus infection doi: 10.1016/j.immunity.2019.11.015 recent evidence shows that there is a relationship between cholesterol metabolism and innate immunity After virus infection, macrophages showed decreased cholesterol synthesis and increased expression of antiviral genes including ifn-i Ifn-1 can induce the accumulation of 25 hydroxycholesterol, which will prevent the invasion of the virus However, it is not clear whether other cholesterol related metabolites or enzymes regulate innate immunity In a new study, scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences screened the expression levels of a variety of enzymes that regulate cholesterol metabolism to better understand how cholesterol metabolites are resistant to viral infection The results were recently published in the Journal of Immunology; in order to find the enzymes involved in antiviral infection or the corresponding natural cholesterol metabolites, these researchers screened the differentially expressed genes in liver tissue from patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and mice infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) 【3】 JAA: oleagin or effective treatment for HTLV-1 virus infection doi: 10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.184 In a new study, researchers from the Southern Methodist University and MD Anderson Cancer Center at the University of Texas found that oleandrin, a drug molecule extracted from oleandrin, can prevent the spread of the virus by targeting a stage in the replication process of HTLV-1 virus that has not been targeted by existing drugs Relevant research results Recently, it was published in Journal of antivirals & antiprovirals This is important because there is no cure or treatment for HTLV-1 infection The virus is little known and is related to HIV It is estimated to infect 10 to 15 million people around the world Our results suggest that oleagin may limit the spread and spread of HTLV-1 by targeting a unique stage in the life cycle of retroviruses, "the researchers said HTLV-1 (human T-cell leukemia virus type-1) is a retrovirus, which can infect T cells It is usually transmitted in a way similar to HIV-1 virus through human blood or body fluids Infected cells in human milk can also be passed from the mother to the baby through breastfeeding 【4】 Structure: new discovery of antiviral infection mechanism of bacteria doi: 10.1016/j.str.2019.08.001 The structure and function of one of the latest strategies to fight against viruses: a "fleet" of highly organized enzymes can provide rapid immune response and quickly cut the harmful DNA of virus invaders The results of the article are published in the latest structure magazine Enzymes are proteins in living cells that accelerate chemical reactions Some enzymes can take on many shapes, each with different functions, and switch between them In this case, a specific enzyme, sgrai, slowly cuts invasive DNA through deformation However, when many of these enzymes connect and wrap around a certain length of DNA, they will form a filament, increasing the DNA cutting ability by 200 times The researchers say the sgrai enzyme contains two metal atoms that must be placed next to where the DNA will be cut The non filamentary enzyme structure places one of the two metal atoms in the wrong place In the filamentary structure, we see a change in the shape of the enzyme, pushing that atom to the right place 【5】 Nat Microbiol: intestinal microorganisms regulate the process of norovirus infection doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0602-7 highly infectious norovirus can cause diarrhea and vomiting, and is notorious for its rapid spread in densely populated spaces Each year, the virus kills about 200000 people, most of them in developing countries However, there is no treatment for this enterovirus Recently, a new study led by scientists at Washington University School of medicine in St Louis shows that the severity of norovirus infection can be suppressed or increased depending on the location of the virus in the gut The study, published in the journal Nature microbiology, offers a new approach to the possible treatment of norovirus infection Norovirus is easily transmitted from feces to mouth and is particularly dangerous in young children, the elderly and people with impaired immune systems, the researchers said We are trying to understand how intestinal microorganisms interact with norovirus in order to seek new therapeutic strategies Photo source: cc0 public domain [6] science sub Journal: reveals that measles virus infection causes damage to B cell bank, which leads to long-term immunosuppression doi: 10.1126/sciimmune.aay6125 measles virus (MeV) is a highly infectious lymphovirus Measles is a disease caused by measles virus infection, which can lead to viremia and lymphocytopenia Soon after the disappearance of measles associated rash, the number of lymphocytes will recover, but the immunosuppression after infection can last for months to years, leading to an increase in the incidence of secondary infection Animal models and in vitro studies have proposed a variety of immunological factors that lead to this long-term immune damage, but the exact mechanism of its role in humans is not clear In a new study, an international research team sequenced the B cell receptor (BCR) of human peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after measles virus infection, and identified two immunological consequences of measles virus induced immunosuppression: initial B cell bank (Na? The incomplete reconstruction of VE B cell pool) leads to immune immaturity; the immune memory of previously encountered pathogens is destroyed due to the consumption of previously amplified memory B cell clones The relevant research results were recently published in the Journal of science immunology 【7】 Cell: new discovery! Intestinal flora may help inhibit or even treat human rotavirus infection! Doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.028 recently, scientists from Georgia State University found that the presence of special microflora in the digestive tract can help inhibit and treat rotavirus infection Rotavirus is a major pathogen that causes severe fatal diarrhea in children Relevant research was published in the international journal Cell In this paper, the researchers explain the molecular mechanism of rotavirus causing severe fatal diseases in some populations, and the relevant research results may help to develop treatment and preventive strategies for rotavirus infection In addition to fluid supplement to avoid dehydration, there is no effective treatment for rotavirus infection Rotavirus is a highly infectious virus, which can cause severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and even death Rotavirus infection usually occurs because of direct contact with patients or exposure to patients' faeces Infants and young children are susceptible to rotavirus infection According to CDC data in the United States, rotavirus can cause about 215000 deaths among children aged 5 and over 【8】 Cell Rep: revealing the new mechanism of antiviral immunity is expected to help develop a better vaccine against a variety of infectious diseases doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.034 recently, an international journal Cell In the report, scientists from Walter and Eliza Research Institute in Australia identified a special molecular switch that may affect the immune response of the body to virus infection and whether the body will produce special antibodies The researchers said that the immune system may protect the body against different virus infections through different channels, and the relevant research is expected to help researchers develop new strategies to develop new vaccines against previously difficult to prevent virus infections Our body's immune system includes a variety of complex cell and signal molecular networks, which can produce a variety of responses against infection According to researcher sheikh, T cells are critical to coordinate special immune responses They can recruit other cells and direct their immune responses to different micro products, such as bacteria, fungi or viruses We all know that protein T-bet is very important for the function of many immune cells At the same time, researchers also want to understand its key role in a series of immune T cells through research T cells can help the body form protective antibodies 【9】 Nat Med: why do some people get sick from viral infections, while others don't? Doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0510-7 recently, an international journal Nature In the Research Report on medicine, scientists from Duke National University of Singapore School of Medicine found that the stress and metabolic changes of immune cells may be able to explain why some people get sick due to virus infection, while some people don't; relevant research results may help researchers develop preventive and therapeutic measures for a variety of infectious diseases, such as Yellow virus infection (dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika virus syndrome) Flavivirus infection is a kind of familial virus infection transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks, which is a public health risk because of its rapid spread and lack of effective treatment Most viral infections have a series of consequences, even if