Important achievements by scientists in the field of depression research

Sci Adv: Intestinal microbial disorders lead to depression Doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba8555 A recent study showed a link between disorders in the human gut microbiome and severe depression (MDD).
team described their study of stool samples from MDD patients and control groups in a paper published in the journal Science Advance.
MDD is an emotional disorder characterized by a persistent sense of sadness or a lack of interest in the stimulation of ordinary life.
believed to have biological origins and are therefore not just a reaction to events.
the new study, researchers suggest they have found evidence linking problems in the gut microbiome to MDD symptoms.
involved collecting 311 stool samples from 156 people with MDD and 155 people without the disease.
genetic analysis was performed on each sample to identify microorganisms and other substances found in the sample.
team also conducted large-scale gas chromatography-mass spectromety analysis of samples to learn more about their composition.
researchers found differences in certain ingredients in samples without MDD.
, they found 47 different bacteria, as well as 50 fecal metabolites and three different phages.
as part of their findings, they also found higher levels of membership in the genus Bacillus bacterium species in MDD patients, and higher levels of bacteria in the real and cyanobacteria species.
think MDD may have microbiome problems.
team also noted that higher levels of mycobacteria in the microbiome may help explain why cytokines and associated inflammation levels rise in so many MDD patients compared to the general population.
: New uses for old medicines! In a new study that revealed the molecular mechanism of ketamine against depression, doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03047-0 In a new study, researchers from McGill University in Canada, the University of Montreal and the University of Carlton found that a group of participants in memory formation called 4E-BP were key to unlocking ketamine antidepressants in the brain.
findings may lead to better and safer treatments for some people with severe depression.
study was published in the journal Nature.
Finding effective treatments for severe depression is a challenge, given that more than 30--- percent of patients develop resistance to the most commonly used antidepressant, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) ---.
, ketamine was approved for anaesthetic and pain relief.
scientists have been studying new uses for the drug since its discovery, and last year ketamine was approved for use in the treatment of patients with severe depression who are resistant to drugs.
, ketamine works in a matter of hours, unlike standard antidepressants, which can take weeks to produce results.
so far, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which ketamine has an antidepressant effect in the brain.
: JAMA Psych: Heavy! Depression in the early years may be associated with an increased risk of 66 diseases and premature death in the later stages! Doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3786 In a recent study published in the international journal JAMA Psy, scientists from the Caroline Institute in Sweden and other institutions conducted a large observational study that found that children and adolescents with depression have a significantly increased risk of premature death and multiple diseases in later life.
study highlights the need to shed light on the underlying causes of depression in children and adolescents, and other mental illnesses, such as anxiety and substance abuse, may partly explain the association.
researcher Sarah E. Bergen said the study showed that children and adolescents diagnosed with depression were at increased risk of premature death, self-harm, or other diseases in later life.
highlights the need for timely help for these children, as well as the need for effective intervention by medical personnel to improve their physical health and quality of life in the later stages of mental and physical illness.
depression is rarely diagnosed in young children, but its incidence will rise in adms.
Previous studies have found a clear link between depression in adolescents and a variety of adverse health outcomes, including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and premature death, while mental illnesses such as anxiety and substance use disorders may also be directly associated with depression. In the
study, researchers wanted to analyze whether depression in individuals in the early years was directly related to a variety of widespread diseases in later stages, and how other mental illnesses affected the association and whether depression in adolescents increased their risk of premature death.
: The correlation between depression and gastrointestinal abnormalities is doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322308 A new study found that depression is more common in people diagnosed with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
researchers at St George's University in London, Imperial College London, University College London and King's College London studied the records of 15,000 patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
they found that people who were not diagnosed with IBD were more likely to be diagnosed with depression within nine years of being diagnosed with IBD.
IBD can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea or rectal bleeding, which many people have been diagnosed with for years.
, the study examined the link between depression and future chances of developing IBD.
showed that people with depression were 40 percent more likely to develop IBD than those without depression.
: Depression or a direct association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1351 In a study published in the international journal JAMA Psych, scientists from Simon Fraser University and others have revealed a link between symptoms of depression and an increased risk of heart disease and early death. In the
article, researchers followed 145,862 middle-age participants from 21 countries and found that participants with four or more symptoms of depression had a 20 percent increased risk of cardiovascular events and death, a risk that doubled in urban areas and more than double or more for male participants, with the majority of the world's population living in urban areas by 2050.
Depression and mental health problems are very prevalent in Canada, with one in five Canadians experiencing mental health problems through their lifetime and about 8 percent experiencing severe depression, and researcher Lear said the findings are timely because experts speculate that the number of people dealing with mental health problems later in life should increase because of the prevalence of COVID-19.
: Mol Psython: Shocked! Fish oil could help treat depression! Doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0786-5 A study published in Molycular Psython shows that adult stem cells from patients can be used to simulate depression and test patients' responses to drugs.
at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) studied stem cells from adults clinically diagnosed with depression and found that fish oil produced an antidepressant response when tested in a model. mark Rasenick of
UIC, who led the study, said the study offers new findings that could help scientists better understand how the brain works and why some people respond to medication for depression while others have limited benefits from antidepressants.
The scientific evidence that fish oil -- an easy-to-access natural product -- may be an effective drug for depression is also exciting," said Rasenick, a distinguished professor of physiology, biophysics and psychiatry at UIC Medical School.
: Chinese scientists find that blue light at night can cause depression! Electronics are best put away! Doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0640-8 A team of chinese institutions (China University of Science and Technology, Hefei University, Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Medical University, etc.) found that repeated exposure of laboratory mice to blue light at night led to depressive symptoms.
their paper, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, the team described their experiments with laboratory mice and blue light, and what their results might mean for humans.
in addition to producing vision, light regulates a variety of physiological functions, including mood.
is known to have antidepressant effects from light therapy used during the day, but excessive lighting at night is reported to be associated with depressive symptoms.
previous studies have shown that people who work night shifts are more likely to suffer from depression than those who work shifts, but the cause is unclear.
recent research suggests that regular use of a smartphone at night can also lead to depression.
the new study, researchers wanted to know whether the light the eye felt at night was part of the problem -- or, in this case, whether it was just blue light.
to learn more details and mechanisms, the researchers conducted experiments to expose lab mice to blue light.
researchers exposed the mice to blue light for two hours a night for three weeks, and then looked closely at the mice to see if blue light had a significant effect on their behavior.
found that at first, the mice showed no signs of change at all.
but three weeks later, the mice began to work less hard to get sugar rewards and not so desperately to escape when they were likely to escape -- both of which were considered signs of depression in the mice.
researchers also found that depressive symptoms last up to three weeks, even after the night lights are stopped.
men living in poor areas are more likely to suffer from severe depression! News Read: Depression: Depression Men far more at risk than women in deprived areas Depression is a major cause of disability in the global population, and failure to treat them in a timely manner can lead to substance abuse, anxiety, and even suicide.
Severe depression is a particular disease that affects many people and can lead to loss of pleasure in activities that were once used to produce happiness, as well as useless, unbalanced developments such as oversleptness or insomnia and suicidal thoughts, researchers have found, and living in poor areas can lead to severe depression in men but not in women.
Before we can explain these findings, we need to provide background information about depression, and there are a number of factors that can lead to an increased risk of weight depression, both now and in the past, being diagnosed with a serious chronic illness, such as diabetes or cancer, increases an individual's risk of depression, as well as trauma (such as physical or sexual abuse) or growing up in a highly disharmonious family."
However, these personal factors or personal environment can negatively affect the body's mental health, and most depression-related studies focus on personal factors, but in addition to personal factors, there are a number of factors that affect the individual's risk of disease, such as the condition of the region in which we live, will have a profound impact on the body's mental health.
Previous studies have shown that living in poor communities can lead residents to believe that they are in poor condition and experience early death, and by studying whether living in poor areas affects the mental health of men and women, even when considering their socioeconomic status; 9: Neuron: Breakthrough! Scientists are expected to develop a new type of antidepressant doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.044 In a study published in the international journal Neuron, scientists from Vanderburg University Medical Center have made significant progress in the development of antidepressants that may lead to the development of new antidepressants that are effective, can relieve symptoms more effectively and have fewer side effects.
method used by the researchers could increase the supply of the excitable neurotransmitter glutamate in specific parts of the brain, which may regulate the body's mood by reducing the activity of receptors that inhibit the release of glutamate.
researcher Max Joffe said the use of drug-like molecules to selectively inhibit the subjects mGlu2 and mGlu3 may be able to block long-term changes in glutamate in animal bodies, with glutamate bodies (mGlu2 and mGlu3) located on opposite sides of synapses or in gaps between nerve cells.
researchers say depression is not a single disorder, and as researchers have studied it, they have come to find that mGlu2 and mGlu3 play an important role in different aspects of depression, with different patients responding differently to both.
special compounds can affect the neural circuits that connect the pre-cortical cortical layer of the brain to the throid brain, which is also important for rapid antidepressant effects because it is involved in the body's attention and cognitive function.
2019 AHASS: Individual levels of depression are closely related to the body's risk of cardiovascular disease News Read: Stron